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Geometrical optics Flashcards

1
Q

How are objects visible to us?

A

Objects are a source of light

light is reflected from the object

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2
Q

Speed of light in a vacuum

A

5 -1

3 x 10 m.s

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3
Q

Speed of light is … In a vacuum

A

constant

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4
Q

Light waves transmit

A

Energy

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5
Q

Sound waves need what to travel

A

Material medium

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6
Q

Light waves need a medium?

A

No they don’t need a material medium

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7
Q

Optical density measures

A

How easy it is for light to travel through a medium

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8
Q

High optical density =

A

Slower light waves

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9
Q

Spend waves vs light waves

A

Material medium

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10
Q

Light travels at constant velocity of …

A

8 -1

3 x 10 m.s

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11
Q

Light slows when traveling through … X3

A

Water
Glass
Perspex

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12
Q

Velocity and wavelength change but never

A

Frequency

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13
Q

Velocity

A

Speed (m.s -1)

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14
Q

When does light Ray only slow down but not bend?

A

When it enters a more optically dense medium at 90 degrees. The Ray is perpendicular to the surface of the object it travels through.

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15
Q

Refraction results in (in terms of true and apparent depth)

A

Optical illusions

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16
Q

Refraction definition

A

The bending of light when it travels from one material into another in which it has a different velocity

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17
Q

Rules of reflection

A
  1. Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

2. Incident, reflected Ray and the normal lie on the same plane

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18
Q

Normal

A

Line perpendicular to the surface

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19
Q

Incident Ray || x

A

Incident Ray || emergent Ray

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20
Q

Triangular prism explanation

A

Light entering Perspex block undergoes refraction.

Ray bends towards normal at the point where it enters and bends away where it leaves the prism.

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21
Q

Ray bends towards normal under what conditions…

A

Ray enters medium where speed of light is slower

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22
Q

Angle of deviation =

A

Incident Ray | ANGLE OF DEFLECTION | Emergent Ray

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23
Q

Focal point

A

Where the light rays cross/meet

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24
Q

Air RI

A

1,0003

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25
Water RI
1,33
26
Plastic RI
1,46
27
Perspex RI
1,50
28
Glass RI
1,52
29
Diamond RI
2,42
30
Speed of light in vacuum | Speed of electromagnetic waves
C = 3 x 10 ^8 m.s -1
31
In transparent objects speed is .... In relation to vacuum
LESS
32
Refractive index
Speed of light in air Refractive Index = ----------------------------------- Speed of light in the medium n = c/v
33
Refractive index is never less than...
1
34
Relationship between optical density and refractive index
Directly proportional
35
Snells law
n1 sin ➰1 = n2 sin ➰2 ➰1 is angle of incidence ➰2 is angle of refraction n are the respective refractive indices
36
Critical angle
Angle of incidence that provides an angle of refraction of 90 degrees and the refracted Ray is parallel to the boundary between two media.
37
Speed of light in a vacuum
5 -1 | 3 x 10 m.s
38
Speed of light is ... In a vacuum
constant
39
Light waves transmit
Energy
40
Sound waves need what to travel
Material medium
41
Light waves need a medium?
No they don't need a material medium
42
Optical density measures
How easy it is for light to travel through a medium
43
High optical density =
Slower light waves
44
Spend waves vs light waves
Material medium
45
Light travels at constant velocity of ...
8 -1 | 3 x 10 m.s
46
Light slows when traveling through ... X3
Water Glass Perspex
47
Velocity and wavelength change but never
Frequency
48
Velocity
Speed (m.s -1)
49
When does light Ray only slow down but not bend?
When it enters a more optically dense medium at 90 degrees. The Ray is perpendicular to the surface of the object it travels through.
50
Refraction results in (in terms of true and apparent depth)
Optical illusions
51
Refraction definition
The bending of light when it travels from one material into another in which it has a different velocity
52
Rules of reflection
1. Angle of incidence = angle of reflection | 2. Incident, reflected Ray and the normal lie on the same plane
53
Normal
Line perpendicular to the surface
54
Incident Ray || x
Incident Ray || emergent Ray
55
Triangular prism explanation
Light entering Perspex block undergoes refraction. | Ray bends towards normal at the point where it enters and bends away where it leaves the prism.
56
Ray bends towards normal under what conditions...
Ray enters medium where speed of light is slower
57
Angle of deviation =
Incident Ray | ANGLE OF DEFLECTION | Emergent Ray
58
Focal point
Where the light rays cross/meet
59
Air RI
1,0003
60
Water RI
1,33
61
Plastic RI
1,46
62
Perspex RI
1,50
63
Glass RI
1,52
64
Diamond RI
2,42
65
Speed of light in vacuum | Speed of electromagnetic waves
C = 3 x 10 ^8 m.s -1
66
In transparent objects speed is .... In relation to vacuum
LESS
67
Refractive index
Speed of light in air Refractive Index = ----------------------------------- Speed of light in the medium n = c/v
68
Refractive index is never less than...
1
69
Relationship between optical density and refractive index
Directly proportional
70
Snells law
n1 sin ➰1 = n2 sin ➰2 ➰1 is angle of incidence ➰2 is angle of refraction n are the respective refractive indices
71
Critical angle
Angle of incidence that provides an angle of refraction of 90 degrees and the refracted Ray is parallel to the boundary between two media.
72
Total Internal Reflection
Angle of incidence increases = reflection occurs
73
Angle of incidence
the angle which an incident line or ray makes with a perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.
74
Conditions for total internal reflection
Optically Optically Dense ------->light Less dense Medium. Medium Angle i> ➰c
75
Ideal gas
No volume or intermolecular forces
76
6 properties of ideal gases
Temperature - ⬆️ when 📛 = ⬆️ average kinetic Elastic collisions - do not change kinetic energy Expansion on heating-distance between particles⬆️ Pressure- exert when collide with walls of container Intermolecular forces- none in gas and move in ➖ Compression- large spaces = can be compressed
77
Real gas closest to ideal
Helium It's noble and small
78
Why real gases deviate from ideal behavior? X2
Particles occupy space Have intermolecular forces
79
Physical conditions where real gases deviate from ideal behavior
Low temp High Pressure
80
Boules Law
The volume of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure is the temperature remains constant ⬆️p ⬇️v
81
Boules law formulae
P 🐟 1/v P1v1 = p2v2
82
Boules law equation
V = k\p
83
Charles law
The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at a constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (kelvin) temperature of the gas
84
Charles law equation
V 🐟T
85
P
Pressure Pascal Pa
86
V
Volume dm3
87
T
Temperature Kelvin K C + 273
88
n
No. Of moles moles
89
Boules law on microscopic viewpoint
⬇️V - still same no. of particles at same speed, same force NOW more collisions because of less space = ⬆️P
90
Temperature
Measure of average kinetic energy of particles
91
Average Ek Why average?
The kinetic energy of individual particles will be different
92
Assumption that's ,are about collisions of gas molecules
They're elastic
93
What is responsible for pressure of gas
Collisions with the sides of the container
94
Standard Temperature and Pressure
100 000 Pa
95
Charles law from microscopic viewpoint
⬆️ T - particles move more quickly and thus take up mor space = ⬆️ V
96
Refraction
Bending of light when it travels from one medium into another in which it has a different velocity
97
Air index
1
98
Water index
1.33

Physics test (2 decks)

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