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Physics test > Geometrical optics > Flashcards

Geometrical optics Flashcards

1
Q

How are objects visible to us?

A

Objects are a source of light

light is reflected from the object

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2
Q

Speed of light in a vacuum

A

5 -1

3 x 10 m.s

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3
Q

Speed of light is … In a vacuum

A

constant

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4
Q

Light waves transmit

A

Energy

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5
Q

Sound waves need what to travel

A

Material medium

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6
Q

Light waves need a medium?

A

No they don’t need a material medium

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7
Q

Optical density measures

A

How easy it is for light to travel through a medium

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8
Q

High optical density =

A

Slower light waves

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9
Q

Spend waves vs light waves

A

Material medium

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10
Q

Light travels at constant velocity of …

A

8 -1

3 x 10 m.s

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11
Q

Light slows when traveling through … X3

A

Water
Glass
Perspex

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12
Q

Velocity and wavelength change but never

A

Frequency

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13
Q

Velocity

A

Speed (m.s -1)

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14
Q

When does light Ray only slow down but not bend?

A

When it enters a more optically dense medium at 90 degrees. The Ray is perpendicular to the surface of the object it travels through.

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15
Q

Refraction results in (in terms of true and apparent depth)

A

Optical illusions

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16
Q

Refraction definition

A

The bending of light when it travels from one material into another in which it has a different velocity

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17
Q

Rules of reflection

A
  1. Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

2. Incident, reflected Ray and the normal lie on the same plane

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18
Q

Normal

A

Line perpendicular to the surface

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19
Q

Incident Ray || x

A

Incident Ray || emergent Ray

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20
Q

Triangular prism explanation

A

Light entering Perspex block undergoes refraction.

Ray bends towards normal at the point where it enters and bends away where it leaves the prism.

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21
Q

Ray bends towards normal under what conditions…

A

Ray enters medium where speed of light is slower

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22
Q

Angle of deviation =

A

Incident Ray | ANGLE OF DEFLECTION | Emergent Ray

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23
Q

Focal point

A

Where the light rays cross/meet

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24
Q

Air RI

A

1,0003

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25
Q

Water RI

A

1,33

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26
Q

Plastic RI

A

1,46

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27
Q

Perspex RI

A

1,50

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28
Q

Glass RI

A

1,52

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29
Q

Diamond RI

A

2,42

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30
Q

Speed of light in vacuum

Speed of electromagnetic waves

A

C = 3 x 10 ^8 m.s -1

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31
Q

In transparent objects speed is …. In relation to vacuum

A

LESS

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32
Q

Refractive index

A

Speed of light in air
Refractive Index = ———————————–
Speed of light in the medium

n = c/v

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33
Q

Refractive index is never less than…

A

1

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34
Q

Relationship between optical density and refractive index

A

Directly proportional

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35
Q

Snells law

A

n1 sin ➰1 = n2 sin ➰2

➰1 is angle of incidence
➰2 is angle of refraction
n are the respective refractive indices

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36
Q

Critical angle

A

Angle of incidence that provides an angle of refraction of 90 degrees and the refracted Ray is parallel to the boundary between two media.

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37
Q

Speed of light in a vacuum

A

5 -1

3 x 10 m.s

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38
Q

Speed of light is … In a vacuum

A

constant

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39
Q

Light waves transmit

A

Energy

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40
Q

Sound waves need what to travel

A

Material medium

41
Q

Light waves need a medium?

A

No they don’t need a material medium

42
Q

Optical density measures

A

How easy it is for light to travel through a medium

43
Q

High optical density =

A

Slower light waves

44
Q

Spend waves vs light waves

A

Material medium

45
Q

Light travels at constant velocity of …

A

8 -1

3 x 10 m.s

46
Q

Light slows when traveling through … X3

A

Water
Glass
Perspex

47
Q

Velocity and wavelength change but never

48
Q

Velocity

A

Speed (m.s -1)

49
Q

When does light Ray only slow down but not bend?

A

When it enters a more optically dense medium at 90 degrees. The Ray is perpendicular to the surface of the object it travels through.

50
Q

Refraction results in (in terms of true and apparent depth)

A

Optical illusions

51
Q

Refraction definition

A

The bending of light when it travels from one material into another in which it has a different velocity

52
Q

Rules of reflection

A
  1. Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

2. Incident, reflected Ray and the normal lie on the same plane

53
Q

Normal

A

Line perpendicular to the surface

54
Q

Incident Ray || x

A

Incident Ray || emergent Ray

55
Q

Triangular prism explanation

A

Light entering Perspex block undergoes refraction.

Ray bends towards normal at the point where it enters and bends away where it leaves the prism.

56
Q

Ray bends towards normal under what conditions…

A

Ray enters medium where speed of light is slower

57
Q

Angle of deviation =

A

Incident Ray | ANGLE OF DEFLECTION | Emergent Ray

58
Q

Focal point

A

Where the light rays cross/meet

59
Q

Air RI

60
Q

Water RI

61
Q

Plastic RI

62
Q

Perspex RI

63
Q

Glass RI

64
Q

Diamond RI

65
Q

Speed of light in vacuum

Speed of electromagnetic waves

A

C = 3 x 10 ^8 m.s -1

66
Q

In transparent objects speed is …. In relation to vacuum

67
Q

Refractive index

A

Speed of light in air
Refractive Index = ———————————–
Speed of light in the medium

n = c/v

68
Q

Refractive index is never less than…

69
Q

Relationship between optical density and refractive index

A

Directly proportional

70
Q

Snells law

A

n1 sin ➰1 = n2 sin ➰2

➰1 is angle of incidence
➰2 is angle of refraction
n are the respective refractive indices

71
Q

Critical angle

A

Angle of incidence that provides an angle of refraction of 90 degrees and the refracted Ray is parallel to the boundary between two media.

72
Q

Total Internal Reflection

A

Angle of incidence increases = reflection occurs

73
Q

Angle of incidence

A

the angle which an incident line or ray makes with a perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.

74
Q

Conditions for total internal reflection

A

Optically Optically
Dense ——->light Less dense
Medium. Medium

Angle i> ➰c

75
Q

Ideal gas

A

No volume or intermolecular forces

76
Q

6 properties of ideal gases

A

Temperature - ⬆️ when 📛 = ⬆️ average kinetic
Elastic collisions - do not change kinetic energy
Expansion on heating-distance between particles⬆️
Pressure- exert when collide with walls of container
Intermolecular forces- none in gas and move in ➖
Compression- large spaces = can be compressed

77
Q

Real gas closest to ideal

A

Helium

It’s noble and small

78
Q

Why real gases deviate from ideal behavior? X2

A

Particles occupy space

Have intermolecular forces

79
Q

Physical conditions where real gases deviate from ideal behavior

A

Low temp

High Pressure

80
Q

Boules Law

A

The volume of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure is the temperature remains constant

⬆️p ⬇️v

81
Q

Boules law formulae

A

P 🐟 1/v

P1v1 = p2v2

82
Q

Boules law equation

83
Q

Charles law

A

The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at a constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (kelvin) temperature of the gas

84
Q

Charles law equation

85
Q

P

A

Pressure

Pascal
Pa

86
Q

V

A

Volume

dm3

87
Q

T

A

Temperature

Kelvin
K

C + 273

88
Q

n

A

No. Of moles

moles

89
Q

Boules law on microscopic viewpoint

A

⬇️V - still same no. of particles at same speed, same force

NOW more collisions because of less space
= ⬆️P

90
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of average kinetic energy of particles

91
Q

Average Ek

Why average?

A

The kinetic energy of individual particles will be different

92
Q

Assumption that’s ,are about collisions of gas molecules

A

They’re elastic

93
Q

What is responsible for pressure of gas

A

Collisions with the sides of the container

94
Q

Standard Temperature and Pressure

A

100 000 Pa

95
Q

Charles law from microscopic viewpoint

A

⬆️ T - particles move more quickly and thus take up mor space

= ⬆️ V

96
Q

Refraction

A

Bending of light when it travels from one medium into another in which it has a different velocity

97
Q

Air index

98
Q

Water index

Physics test (2 decks)

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