Geometrical optics

Question 1

Optics

Answer 1

The study of light

Question 2

Light is a particle

Answer 2

Corpuscular theory of light. Pre newton are (before 1600). Explains emission and absorption of light. geometrical optics.

Question 3

Light is a wave

Answer 3

Wave theory. propagation of light (how light moves in space). during newton era (1600). physical optics.

Question 4

Light has dual nature

Answer 4

Light behaves as a particle and a wave. post newton (1930).

Question 5

Rectilinear propagation

Answer 5

Light travels in a straight line.

Question 6

Law of reflection

Answer 6

The incident angle is equal to the reflected angle.
The incident ray, the normal line and the reflected ray are in the same plane.

Question 7

The plane mirror properties

Answer 7

1. The image is upright in respect to the object
2. The image is the same size as the object
3. The image distance is the same as the distance of the object.
4. The image is virtual in respect to the object.
5. The image is left right reversed.

Question 8

Concave mirror

Answer 8

The inside surface of the spherical mirror is polished.

Question 9

Convex mirror

Answer 9

The outside surface of the spherical mirror is polished.

Question 10

Principle Axis

Answer 10

A straight line drawn through the center and midpoint of the mirror.

Question 11

Paraxial rays

Answer 11

Rays that lay close to the principle axis

Question 12

Spherical abberation

Answer 12

A spherical mirror does not bring all the parallel rays to a single point. results in a blurry image.

Question 13

Refraction

Answer 13

The change in direction of light when it travels from one medium to another of different optical density and strikes the separation at an incident angle larger than 0 degrees.

Question 14

Laws of refraction

Answer 14

The incident ray, the normal line in the incident point and the refracted ray are all in the same plane.

Question 15

Snell’s law (second law of refraction).

Answer 15

The ratio of sin incident angle to sin refracted angle is constant for any two given media in contact.
When light travels from a material with one index of refraction to a material with a different index of refraction, the angle of incidence is related to the angle of refraction.

Question 16

Index of refraction

Answer 16

The ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the material.

Question 17

Critical angle

Answer 17

When light travels from a more dense medium to a less dense medium and the refracted angle is equal to 90 degrees then the incident angle in the more dense medium is called the critical angle.

Question 18

Total internal reflection

Answer 18

When light travels from a more dense medium to a less dense medium and the incident angle becomes greater than the critical angle the light is no longer refracted at the separation but it is reflected back into the medium.

Question 19

Two conditions for total internal reflection

Answer 19

1. The light ray must originate from a more dense medium to a less dense medium.
2. The incident angle must exceed the critical angle.

Question 20

Converging lens (convex lens)

Answer 20

Paraxial rays that are parallel to the principle axis converge to the focal point

Question 21

Diverging Lens (concave lens)

Answer 21

Paraxial rays that are parallel to the principle axis appear to originate from the focal point.

Question 22

Nearsightedness (Myopia)

Answer 22

The person can see near objects clearer than far or distant objects

Question 23

Diverging lens (Myopia)

Answer 23

creates an image of the distant object at the far point of the nearsighted eye.

Question 24

The near point

Answer 24

The point nearest the eye at which an object can be placed and still produce a sharp image on the retina.

Question 25

Far point of nearsightedness

Answer 25

The location of the furthest object on which the fully relaxed eye can focus

Question 26

Farsightedness (hyperopia)

Answer 26

Able to focus on far objects and not on near objects

Question 27

Converging lens (Hyperopia)

Answer 27

creates an image of the close object