Geology year 8 Flashcards

Question

Shearing

Answer 1

Stress causing rocks to slide past each other

Answer 2

Stress applied equally in all directions

Answer 3

Boundary where tectonic plates slide past each other

Answer 4

Major fault in California known for seismic activity

Answer 5

Providing a reference for the size of geological features

Answer 6

Formed by cooling and solidifying magma or lava

Answer 7

Natural removal of soil and rock by wind or water

Answer 8

Process of laying down material to form landforms

Answer 9

Material broken down by weathering and erosion

Answer 10

Rock formed from compressed sediment layers

Answer 11

Forces that transform rocks into metamorphic rocks

Answer 12

Rock altered by heat and pressure conditions

Answer 13

Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface

Answer 14

Process of turning solid rock into molten form

Answer 15

Processes related to volcanic eruptions

Answer 16

Rock with layers showing deposition of sediment at different time periods, often porous and containing fossils

Answer 17

Small grains weakly held together, forming porous and sometimes soft and crumbly rocks

Answer 18

Process where pressure compacts sediment grains together to form a solid rock

Answer 19

Continuous process of rock formation and transformation through geological processes

Answer 20

Process of breaking down rocks into smaller fragments by natural elements like water, wind, and temperature changes

Answer 21

Remains or traces of ancient organisms preserved in sedimentary rocks

Answer 22

Formed when dissolved materials in water solidify and settle at the bottom through processes like evaporation and crystallization

Answer 23

Result from the burial and transformation of dead plant and animal debris under pressure and heat, often containing fossils

Answer 24

Composed of pieces of pre-existing rocks compacted and cemented together, with clasts larger than 2 millimeters

Answer 25

Process of liquid turning into vapor and leaving behind solid materials

Answer 26

Formation of solid crystals from a solution

Answer 27

A type of chemical sedimentary rock composed of salt crystals

Answer 28

A type of chemical sedimentary rock often containing fossils and formed from calcium carbonate

Answer 29

An organic sedimentary rock formed from buried plant debris under pressure and heat

Answer 30

An organic sedimentary rock made of calcium carbonate from marine organisms

Answer 31

Process where weathered rock fragments are transported, trapped, compacted, and cemented to form sedimentary rocks

Answer 32

Session at the end of the class to review if learning objectives were met

Answer 33

Process of breaking down rocks into smaller fragments by natural elements like water, wind, and temperature changes

Answer 34

Process where layers of sediment are compressed by the weight of overlying materials

Answer 35

Process where sediments settle out of a transporting medium and accumulate on the surface

Answer 36

A natural depression in the Earth's surface where sediments accumulate

Answer 37

Force applied to an area, compacting sediment grains together to form rocks

Answer 38

Plates shift 1 to 10 cm annually.

Answer 39

Areas where plates interact, causing various geologic events.

Answer 40

Plates move apart, forming shield volcanoes and rift valleys.

Answer 41

Plates collide, leading to subduction, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes.

Answer 42

Valley formed when plates separate, like Hell's Gate in Kenya.

Answer 43

Denser oceanic crust sinking beneath continental crust.

Answer 44

Volcanoes formed by the eruption of molten rock at divergent boundaries.

Answer 45

Volcano resulting from the Juan de Fuca-North American plate collision.

Answer 46

Volcanic events from the Eurasian-African plate convergence.

Answer 47

Plates jam, build pressure, then release energy as seismic waves.

Answer 48

Plates slide past each other, causing destructive earthquakes.

Answer 49

A famous conservative boundary known for seismic activity.

Answer 50

Plates move slowly, uplifting crust to form mountain ranges.

Answer 51

Result of the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates.

Answer 52

Heat-driven currents causing tectonic plate movement.

Answer 53

Term for the location where tectonic plates meet.

Answer 54

Process occurring at divergent boundaries, like in Iceland.

Answer 55

Energy released during an earthquake event.

Answer 56

Abrupt movement of plates past each other, causing earthquakes.

Answer 57

Accumulation of force between stuck tectonic plates.

Answer 58

Theory explaining movement of Earth's lithosphere plates

Answer 59

Heat-driven circulation in a fluid or gas

Answer 60

Movement of continents over geologic time

Answer 61

Supercontinent that existed about 250 million years ago

Answer 62

Plate boundaries moving towards each other

Answer 63

Sections of Earth's lithosphere that move

Answer 64

Flow of fluid or gas in a specific direction

Answer 65

Fractures in Earth's crust where movement occurs

Answer 66

Large landmasses on Earth's surface

Answer 67

Initial question or activity to engage students

Answer 68

Outer layer of Earth's surface like an egg's shell

Answer 69

Layer between Earth's crust and core

Answer 70

Analogous to Earth's core in the egg analogy

Answer 71

Analogous to Earth's mantle in the egg analogy

Answer 72

Data supporting the theory of plate tectonics

Answer 73

German scientist who proposed continental drift

Answer 74

Geologic time period 250 million years ago

Answer 75

Geologic time period 200 million years ago

Answer 76

Geologic time period 145 million years ago

Answer 77

Geologic time period 65 million years ago

Answer 78

Northern part of Pangaea after split

Answer 79

Particles composing sedimentary rocks before formation

Answer 80

Formed by high heat and pressure causing chemical and physical changes

Answer 81

Occurs from tectonic plate movements, heating, and compression

Answer 82

Results from rocks encountering hot magma, inducing changes

Answer 83

Metamorphic rock with bands or flat layers, denser and harder

Answer 84

Precious mineral found in some metamorphic rocks

Answer 85

Another precious mineral sometimes present in metamorphic rocks

Answer 86

A precious gemstone that can be found in metamorphic rocks

Answer 87

Process of rock change due to high heat and pressure

Answer 88

Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava

Answer 89

Rock formed from the accumulation of sediments over time

Answer 90

Energy transferred between substances due to temperature difference

Answer 91

Force applied perpendicular to a surface

Answer 92

Alterations in the composition of substances

Answer 93

Modifications in the appearance or state of matter

Answer 94

Strata or sheets of material stacked on top of each other

Answer 95

Solid structures with a definite geometric shape

Answer 96

Having a higher mass per unit volume

Answer 97

Resistance of a material to deformation or scratching

Answer 98

Curved or undulating designs seen in some rocks

Answer 99

Angular or jagged designs observed in certain rocks

Answer 100

Rock formed from solidified magma

Answer 101

Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface

Answer 102

Magma that reaches the Earth's surface

Answer 103

Layer between the crust and core

Answer 104

Earth's innermost layer

Answer 105

Earth's outermost layer

Answer 106

Mineral with a geometric shape

Answer 107

Crystals growing into each other and locking together

Answer 108

Igneous rock formed above the surface

Answer 109

Igneous rock formed below the surface

Answer 110

Solid, very hot layer composed of iron and nickel

Answer 111

Liquid layer composed of iron and nickel

Answer 112

Not provided in the notes

Answer 113

State of matter with fixed shape and volume

Answer 114

State of matter with fixed volume but no fixed shape

Answer 115

Analyze the differences and similarities between Earth's layers

Answer 116

Distinguish molten rock below and above the Earth's surface

Answer 117

Composed of minerals and formed in various ways

Answer 118

Chemical substances with consistent composition

Answer 119

Process of magma cooling and solidifying to form rocks

Answer 120

Comparison based on silica/quartz content (felsic) or iron/magnesium content (mafic)

Answer 121

Cracks where rocks break and move past each other

Answer 122

Bends in rock layers due to stress

Answer 123

Line separating different tectonic plates

Answer 124

Fold where oldest rock layers are at the core, arched upward

Answer 125

Fold where youngest rock layers are at the core, arched downward

Answer 126

Process where rocks change shape under stress

Answer 127

Bending of rock layers under stress

Answer 128

Blocks of rock on either side of a fault

Answer 129

Fault where blocks move past each other horizontally

Answer 130

Fault where hanging wall moves down relative to footwall

Answer 131

Fault where hanging wall moves up relative to footwall

Answer 132

Location where two fault blocks meet

Answer 133

Block above the fault plane

Answer 134

Block below the fault plane

Answer 135

Reversible strain in material

Answer 136

Irreversible strain in material

Answer 137

Irreversible strain leading to material breakage

Answer 138

Formation of mountain ranges by crustal displacement

Answer 139

Break or crack where tectonic plates move

Answer 140

Bending of rock layers due to plate movement

Answer 141

Rock's tendency to break under stress

Answer 142

Rock's ability to deform without breaking

Answer 143

Stress causing rocks to be squeezed together

Answer 144

Stress causing rocks to be pulled apart

Answer 145