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Geology > Geology test review > Flashcards

Geology test review Flashcards

1
Q

All of the air/gases surrounding Earth is the

A

Atmosphere

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2
Q

The early idea in science that said Earth was young/shaped by drastic events

A

Catastrophism

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3
Q

A volcano that is erupting frequently

A

Active

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4
Q

The hardest naturally occurring mineral

A

Diamond

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5
Q

Uneven breaking of a mineral due to its atomic structure

A

Fracture

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6
Q

The mineral you could be writing with

A

Graphite

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7
Q

All of Earth’s water

A

Hydrosphere

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8
Q

The way light reflects from the surface of a mineral

A

Luster

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9
Q

The most abundant gas coming out of a volcano

A

Steam/water vapor

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10
Q

Molten rock that is extruding onto the surface

A

Lava

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11
Q

The study of ancient life preserved in rocks

A

Paleontology

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12
Q

One of the minerals that can be called “fools gold”

A

Pyrite

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13
Q

Where parts of Earth’s system interact

A

Interface

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14
Q

The second most plentiful element in Earth’s crust

A

Silicon

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15
Q

Careful use of resources from Earth while protecting the environment at the same time is called _______ development

A

Sustainable

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16
Q

The smallest particle of an element

A

Atom

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17
Q

When a mineral breaks along smooth planes of weakness exhibits

A

Cleavage

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18
Q

The geometric shape of a mineral, perfect ones are rare

A

Crystal

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19
Q

Simplest form of matter -> 92 make up minerals

A

Elements

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20
Q

Any mineral that is hard, rare, beautiful, and can be cut and polished

A

Gem

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21
Q

The mineral for salt

A

Halite

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22
Q

Type of rock formed when molten rock cools

A

Igneous

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23
Q

A rock is defined as being an ________ of minerals

A

Aggregate

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24
Q

Any mineral mined for profit

A

Ore

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25
Q

Type of rock formed when any rock is changed by heat and/or pressure

A

Metamorphic

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26
Q

The study area in geology focused on processes, rocks, etc.

A

Physical Geology

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27
Q

The most common mineral in Earth’s crust

A

Quartz SiO2

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28
Q

Type of rock formed when weathered rock material is turned to stone

A

Sedimentary

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29
Q

Our use of natural resources directly affects our ____ of living

A

Standard

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30
Q

The idea in science today that explain that earth is old and changing slowly

A

Uniformitarianism

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31
Q

All life in Earth is the

A

Biosphere

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32
Q

When elements are combined chemically

A

Compound

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33
Q

Weathered rock + humus + water + air =

A

Soil

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34
Q

The largest group of silicate minerals with many varieties

A

Feldspars

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35
Q

Another name for the lithosphere

A

Geosphere

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36
Q

Study of area focusing on time and the story in the rocks

A

Historical geology

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37
Q

A well-developed soil that has formed in place, reflecting the bedrock

A

Residual

38
Q

The study of minerals is called

A

Mineralogy

39
Q

A ______ is the smallest particle of any compound

A

Molecule

40
Q

Makes up about 47% of Earth’s crust

A

Oxygen

41
Q

“The _______ is the key to the past”

A

Present

42
Q

Deposits of any natural resource that have been identified are known as

A

Reserves

43
Q

The most abundant group of minerals

A

Silicates

44
Q

A mineral in the nudge = showing its true color

A

Streak

45
Q

When determining the specific gravity of a mineral its density is compared to that of

A

Water

46
Q

Tiny shards of glass blown from a volcanic eruption

A

Ash

47
Q

Metamorphic rock made mostly of micas, it’s a piece of…

A

Schist

48
Q

Type of bonding that is strong, created by sharing electrons

A

Covalent

49
Q

Organic sedimentary “rock” that has its origins in a swamp

A

Coal

50
Q

Concordant intrusion with a tabular nature

A

Sill

51
Q

Eruptive style of composite volcanos

A

Explosive

52
Q

Mechanical weathering when water gets into fractures in rocks

A

Frost-wedging

53
Q

A volcano that has not erupted for a while, but still could

A

Dormant

54
Q

The most important factor controlling chemical weather/soil formation

A

Climate

55
Q

Frothy igneous rock that will float on water “grinding away” skin

A

Pumice

56
Q

Hawaiian lava term for a ropy surface

A

Pahoehoe

57
Q

A tabular discordant intrusion

A

Dike

58
Q

Molten rock in the ground

A

Magma

59
Q

The most common sedimentary rock

A

Shale

60
Q

Breakdown of rock by shape and size, not composition

A

Mechanical

61
Q

The most common rock in the Shenandoah Valley, made mostly of calcite

A

Limestone

62
Q

When magma cools in the ground a pluton/ _____ is formed

A

Intrusion

63
Q

An igneous texture formed by 2 stages of cooling

A

Porphyritic

64
Q

Carbonate mineral that has many industrial uses, fizzes with acid

A

Calcite

65
Q

Any evidence of a life form from the past preserved in a rock

A

Fossil

66
Q

Eruptive style where magic lava is extruding

A

Quiet

67
Q

Chemical weather process where oxygen and water are needed

A

Oxidation

68
Q

Bonding that promotes conductivity

A

Metallic

69
Q

Volcanic glass formed by supercooling

A

Obsidian

70
Q

A mineral’s resistance to being scratched

A

Hardness

71
Q

Metamorphic rock whose parent rock was limestone

A

Marble

72
Q

Makes up blackboards and pool tables, used to be shale, low grade

A

Slate

73
Q

Weathered rock particles of all sizes, dissolved, and organic “junk”

A

Sediments

74
Q

Low silica, low viscosity lava composition

A

Mafic

75
Q

The most common intrusive igneous rock, makes up continental crust

A

Granite

76
Q

Te most common extrusive igneous rock, makes up oceanic crust

A

Basalt

77
Q

A long crack in the crust where lava flows out, te mid-ocean ridge

A

Fissure

78
Q

The rock beneath the soil

A

Bedrock

79
Q

Group of sedimentary rocks made of particles of various sizes

A

Detrital

80
Q

Huge intrusion, often in the core of mountain ranges

A

Batholith

81
Q

Made of angular sediments that have not travelled very far from their sources

A

Breccia

82
Q

The smallest type of volcano, Paricutin is an example

A

Cinder cone

83
Q

Overall ______ weathering shapes the landscape

A

Differential

84
Q

An extrusion with a centralized vent is a

A

Volcano

85
Q

Sedimentary rocks made of pebbles

A

Conglomerate

86
Q

When a volcano has not erupted in recorded history and never will again it is

A

Extinct

87
Q

Metamorphic texture where differential stress/pressure aligns minerals in bands

A

Foliated

88
Q

Atomic bonding that allows cleaving to occur in minerals, e transfer

A

Ionic

89
Q

The most dangerous aspect of composite volcanic eruptions

A

Pyroclastic flow

90
Q

A thick, well-developed soil with all horizons, supporting plants is said to be:

A

Mature

Geology (1 decks)

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