Geology Test 4-27 Flashcards
Weathering
The prosses of a rock being warn down
What are the 3 types of weathering
physical, chemical & biological
What is an example of chemical weathering
Acid Rain (Hydrochloric Acid)
Deposition
the laying down of a sediment after being carried by wind, water or ice.
When do geologists use hydrochloric acid
when testing if a rock contains calcite
What is a radioactive half-life
the time it takes for 1/2 the atoms decay
What is the half-life of Carbon-14
5,730 years
What is a mineral
A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence.
Where is Earth’s crust found
lithosphere
What does the lithosphere contain
crust, tetonic plates, upper mantel
What does the asthenosphere contain
Part of the lower mantel located just below the crust
What is Pangea
supercontenent
When was Pangea around
335 million years ago
What is the theory of the Pangea separation called
continental drift
What is a divergent boundary
when two plates move away from each other
What land formations do divergent boundaries cause
valleys & volcanoes/mountains
What is a convergent boundary
when two plates come together
What land forms are caused by an oceanic-continental convergent boundary
earthquakes (tsunamis), trenches, mountains & volcanoes
SUBDUCTION!!!
What is caused by a continental convergent boundary
mountains
What is a transform boundary
when two plates slide against each other
- 2 plates going different ways
- 2 plates going the same way at different speeds
What is caused by a transform boundary
earthquakes
What is subduction
when two plates create a convergent boundary and one goes under the other
Where does subduction usually occur
in a oceanic-continental convergent boundary (oceanic going under)
What is sediment
the product of rocks undergoing weathering & erosion (consists of rocks and minerals)
What is compaction
when sediment is compacted into sedimentary rock
What is sedimentary rock
a type of rock created by compaction of sediments
What is metamorphic rock
a type of rock created by sedimentary & igneous rock undergoing large amounts of heat and pressure
What is igneous rock
a type of rock created by the cooling of magma/lava
What is magma
molten rock created by igneous or metamorphic rock melting
What is lava
magma that is found above ground (cooler than magma)
What are crystals
a solid in which all atoms make up a rigid grid pattern
What is the topmost part of a wave
crest
What is the bottommost part of a wave
trough
what is the space from crest to crest called
wavelength
what is the space from trough to trough called
wavelenth
What is the space from baseline to crest called
amplitude
What is the space from baseline to trough called
amplitude
What is frequency
the amount of crests in a specific period of time
How is soil formed
the weathering/erosion of rocks
When sediment (etc.) is settled
deposition
The founder of modern geology
James Huttion
To force something so that it becomes more dense
compaction
What are the 3 types of plate boundaries
- divergent
- convergent
- transform
Who was the guy who came up with the continental drift theory
Alfred Wegener
Resonance
if the frequency of a wave matches the frequency of an object the amplitude of the object goes up
Unifomatarianisum
the theory that states the same geologic processes shaping Earth today have been working throughout Earth’s history.
