Geology Test

Question 1

Name the Layers of the Earth from the outside to the inside

Answer 1

Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

Question 2

What is it called when tectonic plates move far away from each other?

Answer 2

Divergent

Question 2

What is it called when tectonic plates move close to each other and collide?

Answer 2

Convergent

Question 3

How do igneous rocks become metamorphic rocks?

Answer 3

Heat and pressure

Question 4

How do Sediments turn into Sedimentary rocks?

Answer 4

Cementation and Compaction

Question 5

How do Sedimentary rocks become Metamorphic rocks?

Answer 5

Heat and Pressure

Question 6

How do Metamorphic rocks become magma?

Answer 6

Melting

Question 7

How does magma become an Igneous rock?

Answer 7

solidification by cooling

Question 8

Name three examples of Igneous rocks

Answer 8

Granite, Obsidian, Basalt

Question 9

Name three examples of Metamorphic rocks

Answer 9

Marble, Slate and Quartz

Question 10

Name three examples of Sedimentary rocks

Answer 10

Sandstone, Limestone and Shale

Question 11

What are the four stages of Sedimentary rocks forming

Answer 11

Sediment ends up in water, Layers pile up and compact, further compaction forces water out of layers, Salt crystals glue the layers together

Question 12

How do Metamorphic rocks form?

Answer 12

When heat and pressure is applies to an igneous rock chemicals they contain may change their forms, or crystal shapes

Question 13

What is the geological time scale

Answer 13

Divides up the history of the earth based on life-forms and events that have happened/existed during specific times since the creation of the planet

Question 14

What is the law of superposition?

Answer 14

Layers of rock are laid down one on top of another. The oldest rock layer will be on the bottom and the youngest at the top.

Question 15

What are relative and absolute dating?

Answer 15

Relative dating tells how old something is in relation to other objects, but cannot provide a year or specific date of use. In contrast, absolute dating provides a specific calendar year

Question 16

How are fossil’s formed?

Answer 16

When sediment quickly covers the body of a dead organism. This is followed by the water rising then sediment accumulating over the bones. Erosion then exposes the layer.

Question 17

What are the four types of fossils?

Answer 17

Trace, Whole Body, Imprint, Amber

Question 18

What is Carbon Dating

Answer 18

When age is estimated by measuring the amount of carbon-14 present in the sample and comparing it against an internationally used reference standard.

Question 19

Describe each layer of the earth

Answer 19

Crust: Made of solid rocks and minerals
Mantle: 2900km thick, 85% of the earths weight
Outer core: liquid layer, and is mainly made up of the metals iron and nickel
Inner Core: Hot ball made mostly of iron