Geology Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

Orogeny

A

The process of mountain formation through tectonic forces.

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2
Q

Tectonic Plates

A

Large slabs of Earth’s lithosphere that move and interact.

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3
Q

Convergent Boundary

A

Where two tectonic plates collide, forming mountains (e.g., Himalayas).

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4
Q

Divergent Boundary

A

Where tectonic plates move apart, forming underwater ridges or rift valleys (e.g., Mid-Atlantic Ridge).

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5
Q

Fault-Block Mountains

A

Mountains formed by large blocks of Earth’s crust moving along faults (e.g., Sierra Nevada).

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6
Q

Folding

A

The bending of rock layers due to pressure.

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7
Q

Faulting

A

The breaking and shifting of rock layers along cracks (faults).

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8
Q

Volcanism

A

Mountains formed by volcanic activity (e.g., Mount St. Helens).

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9
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

The idea that the geological processes we observe today have been happening throughout Earth’s history.

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10
Q

Superposition

A

In undisturbed layers of rock, the oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest at the top.

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11
Q

Cross-Cutting Relationships

A

A feature (like a fault or intrusion) that cuts through a rock is younger than the rock it cuts.

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12
Q

Phanerozoic Eon

A

Current eon, started about 541 million years ago.

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13
Q

Paleozoic Era

A

Age of ancient life (541 to 252 million years ago).

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14
Q

Mesozoic Era

A

Age of reptiles/dinosaurs (252 to 66 million years ago).

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15
Q

Cenozoic Era

A

Age of mammals (66 million years ago to present).

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