Geology F1 F2 F4

Question 1

Atmophile

Answer 1

Elements are generally extremely volatile (i.e., they form gases or liquids at the surface of the Earth) and are concentrated in the atmosphere and hydrosphere.

Atmophile in the atmosphere.

Question 2

Lithophile

Answer 2

Elements are those showing an affinity for silicate phases and are concentrated in the silicate portion (crust and mantle) of the Earth.

Lithophile in the mantle and crust.

Question 3

Siderophile

Answer 3

Elements have an affinity for a metallic liquid phase. Concentrated in Earth’s core.

Question 4

Chalcophile

Answer 4

Elements have an affinity for a sulfide liquid phase. They are also depleted in the silicate earth and may be concentrated in the core.

Answer 5

–Incompatible elements, those not accepted in mantle minerals, are concentrated in the crust.
–Compatible elements concentration in the mantle.

Answer 6

Key Terms
•Rheid – solid material that flows
•Peridotite – Mantle rock composed of olivine and pyroxene
•Olivine – dense ferromagnesian (high in iron and magnesium) silicate mineral
•Partial melting – some minerals melt and some remain solid

Answer 7

Depth of the crust and mean density calculations