Geology Flashcards
How is igneous rock formed?
When magma cools and hardens.
What are properties and examples of igneous rock?
Very resistant, can be intrusive or extrusive, found mostly in Northern Scotland, e.g basalt.
How is metamorphic rock formed?
When igneous or sedimentary rock changes by heat and pressure inside the Earth.
What are properties and examples of metamorphic rock?
Very resistant, found in the North, e.g marble.
How is sedimentary rock formed?
Layers of sediment compacting to form rock.
What are properties and examples of sedimentary rock?
Can be resistant or easily eroded, found in South and Midlands, e.g chalk or shale.
What is an example of physical weathering?
Freeze thaw- water gets into cracks in rock, freezes and expands which breaks apart the rock.
What is an example of chemical weathering?
When water/acid rain reacts with calcium carbonate in rocks.
What is an example of biological weathering?
Trees growing through rock and breaking it apart.
What is a dip slope?
A gentle slope following the angle of the rock behind escarpments.
What is an escarpment?
A continuous line of steep slopes above a dip slope caused by erosion of alternate strata.
What is an anticline?
A ridge or fold of rock where strata slopes downwards.
What are vales?
Softer clays that form lower, flatter ground.
How does geology shape the landscape?
South has more sedimentary rock which erodes easier so there is flatter land. The north has more metamorphic and igneous rock that is harder to erode so higher land.
How does glaciation shape the landscape?
Causes v-shaped valleys to widen and deepen to form u-shaped valleys. Can form waterfalls as glaciers melt
How do tectonics shape the landscape?
Rock is uplifted from under the sea to form land with faults forming a steep edge.
Lake District facts? (Upland)
In Cumbria. Igneous and sedimentary rock with Scree from freeze thaw weathering. Rockfalls and landslides due to unstable Scree. Deep u-shaped valleys from glaciation. Upland.
The Weald facts? (Lowland)
South East. Lowland. Sedimentary rock, mostly chalk. Chalk is affected by chemical and biological weathering. Slower slope processes like soil creep. Chalk is porous so mostly dry valleys.
Yorkshire Dales facts? (Human activity)
Hilly limestone valleys with limestone dry stone walls. At bottom of valley. Cold winters and short growing season so sheep farming. Glacial boulders removed from land.
East Anglia facts? (Human activity)
Flat land 100m above sea level. Mainly sands, clays and till which provides fertile soil for crop farming. Hedges used for field boundaries. Settled at coastline in communal villages. Used flint from chalk for buildings.
