Geology

Question 1

How is igneous rock formed?

Answer 1

When magma cools and hardens.

Question 2

What are properties and examples of igneous rock?

Answer 2

Very resistant, can be intrusive or extrusive, found mostly in Northern Scotland, e.g basalt.

Question 3

How is metamorphic rock formed?

Answer 3

When igneous or sedimentary rock changes by heat and pressure inside the Earth.

Question 4

What are properties and examples of metamorphic rock?

Answer 4

Very resistant, found in the North, e.g marble.

Question 5

How is sedimentary rock formed?

Answer 5

Layers of sediment compacting to form rock.

Question 6

What are properties and examples of sedimentary rock?

Answer 6

Can be resistant or easily eroded, found in South and Midlands, e.g chalk or shale.

Question 7

What is an example of physical weathering?

Answer 7

Freeze thaw- water gets into cracks in rock, freezes and expands which breaks apart the rock.

Question 8

What is an example of chemical weathering?

Answer 8

When water/acid rain reacts with calcium carbonate in rocks.

Question 9

What is an example of biological weathering?

Answer 9

Trees growing through rock and breaking it apart.

Question 10

What is a dip slope?

Answer 10

A gentle slope following the angle of the rock behind escarpments.

Question 11

What is an escarpment?

Answer 11

A continuous line of steep slopes above a dip slope caused by erosion of alternate strata.

Question 12

What is an anticline?

Answer 12

A ridge or fold of rock where strata slopes downwards.

Question 13

What are vales?

Answer 13

Softer clays that form lower, flatter ground.

Question 14

How does geology shape the landscape?

Answer 14

South has more sedimentary rock which erodes easier so there is flatter land. The north has more metamorphic and igneous rock that is harder to erode so higher land.

Question 15

How does glaciation shape the landscape?

Answer 15

Causes v-shaped valleys to widen and deepen to form u-shaped valleys. Can form waterfalls as glaciers melt

Question 16

How do tectonics shape the landscape?

Answer 16

Rock is uplifted from under the sea to form land with faults forming a steep edge.

Question 17

Lake District facts? (Upland)

Answer 17

In Cumbria. Igneous and sedimentary rock with Scree from freeze thaw weathering. Rockfalls and landslides due to unstable Scree. Deep u-shaped valleys from glaciation. Upland.

Question 18

The Weald facts? (Lowland)

Answer 18

South East. Lowland. Sedimentary rock, mostly chalk. Chalk is affected by chemical and biological weathering. Slower slope processes like soil creep. Chalk is porous so mostly dry valleys.

Question 19

Yorkshire Dales facts? (Human activity)

Answer 19

Hilly limestone valleys with limestone dry stone walls. At bottom of valley. Cold winters and short growing season so sheep farming. Glacial boulders removed from land.

Question 20

East Anglia facts? (Human activity)

Answer 20

Flat land 100m above sea level. Mainly sands, clays and till which provides fertile soil for crop farming. Hedges used for field boundaries. Settled at coastline in communal villages. Used flint from chalk for buildings.