Geology

Question 1

Igneous

Answer 1

Having solidified from lava or magma

Question 2

Magma

Answer 2

Hot fluid underneath the Surface of the Earth.

Question 3

Lava

Answer 3

Hot fluid erupted from a Volcano, on the Surface of the Earth or above it.

Question 4

Intrusive

Answer 4

Solidified Magma Underground to form Intrusions

Question 5

Extrusive

Answer 5

Lava flowing from a Volcano

Question 6

Mineral

Answer 6

A solid, naturally occurring inorganic substance

Question 7

Lithosphere

Answer 7

The Outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle

Question 8

Asthenosphere

Answer 8

The Upper layer of the earth’s mantle, below the lithosphere

Question 9

Crystal

Answer 9

A small piece of a substance that has formed naturally into a regular symmetrical shape.

Question 10

Sedimentary Rock

Answer 10

Rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure

Question 11

Erosion

Answer 11

The wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and by human activity

Question 12

Floodplains

Answer 12

Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

Question 13

Glaciers

Answer 13

Large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

Question 14

Moraines

Answer 14

Deposit left by movement of a glacier

Question 15

Sandstone

Answer 15

A sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains. The sand grains are cemented together by silica, lime or other salts.

Question 16

Mudstone

Answer 16

A fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

Question 17

Shale

Answer 17

A fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

Question 18

Siltstone

Answer 18

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

Question 19

Conglomerate

Answer 19

Sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

Question 20

Limestone

Answer 20

A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.

Question 21

Coal

Answer 21

A sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

Question 22

Rock Salt

Answer 22

A sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up. Its main chemical is sodium chloride

Question 23

Mineral Ores

Answer 23

Minerals containing metals of value are called Mineral Ores.

Question 24

Mining

Answer 24

The process of obtaining coal or other minerals from a mine.

Question 25

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

Answer 25

A document prepared to describe the effects for proposed activities on the environment.

Question 26

Rehabilitated

Answer 26

The action of restoring something that has been damaged to its former condition.

Question 27

Overburden

Answer 27

Rock or Soil overlying a mineral deposit or other underground feature.

Question 28

Open-Cut Mining

Answer 28

A surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow.

Question 29

Underground Mining

Answer 29

Underground mining is the process of extracting minerals and ores that are buried too far underground to be mined using surface mining methods.

Question 30

Stone Age

Answer 30

A time in history when early humans used tools and weapons made out of stone.

Question 31

Alloy

Answer 31

A metal made by combining two or more metallic elements.

Question 32

Flint

Answer 32

A hard grey rock consisting of nearly pure silica.

Question 33

Percussion Flaking

Answer 33

The shaping of a stone implement by striking or chipping off flakes with another stone or a piece of wood, bone, or antler.

Question 34

Fossil

Answer 34

The remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded and preserved in rock.

Question 35

Folding

Answer 35

The buckling of rocks caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.

Question 36

Palaeontologist

Answer 36

A Scientist who studies Fossils.

Question 37

Relative Age

Answer 37

The age of a rock compared with the age of another rock.

Question 38

Carnivore

Answer 38

An Animal that eats other Animals.

Question 39

Scavenger

Answer 39

Animals that eat Dead Plant and Animal material.

Question 40

Mould

Answer 40

Cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods.

Question 41

Trace Fossils

Answer 41

Fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed.

Question 42

Extinct

Answer 42

Describes volcanoes that are no longer active. Extinct volcanoes have not erupted for thousands of years and show no sign of future eruption.