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Science > Geology > Flashcards

Geology Flashcards

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1
Q

Igneous

A

Having solidified from lava or magma

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2
Q

Magma

A

Hot fluid underneath the Surface of the Earth.

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3
Q

Lava

A

Hot fluid erupted from a Volcano, on the Surface of the Earth or above it.

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4
Q

Intrusive

A

Solidified Magma Underground to form Intrusions

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5
Q

Extrusive

A

Lava flowing from a Volcano

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6
Q

Mineral

A

A solid, naturally occurring inorganic substance

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7
Q

Lithosphere

A

The Outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle

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8
Q

Asthenosphere

A

The Upper layer of the earth’s mantle, below the lithosphere

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9
Q

Crystal

A

A small piece of a substance that has formed naturally into a regular symmetrical shape.

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10
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

Rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure

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11
Q

Erosion

A

The wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and by human activity

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12
Q

Floodplains

A

Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

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13
Q

Glaciers

A

Large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

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14
Q

Moraines

A

Deposit left by movement of a glacier

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15
Q

Sandstone

A

A sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains. The sand grains are cemented together by silica, lime or other salts.

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16
Q

Mudstone

A

A fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

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17
Q

Shale

A

A fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

18
Q

Siltstone

A

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

19
Q

Conglomerate

A

Sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

20
Q

Limestone

A

A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.

21
Q

Coal

A

A sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

22
Q

Rock Salt

A

A sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up. Its main chemical is sodium chloride

23
Q

Mineral Ores

A

Minerals containing metals of value are called Mineral Ores.

24
Q

Mining

A

The process of obtaining coal or other minerals from a mine.

25
Q

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

A

A document prepared to describe the effects for proposed activities on the environment.

26
Q

Rehabilitated

A

The action of restoring something that has been damaged to its former condition.

27
Q

Overburden

A

Rock or Soil overlying a mineral deposit or other underground feature.

28
Q

Open-Cut Mining

A

A surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow.

29
Q

Underground Mining

A

Underground mining is the process of extracting minerals and ores that are buried too far underground to be mined using surface mining methods.

30
Q

Stone Age

A

A time in history when early humans used tools and weapons made out of stone.

31
Q

Alloy

A

A metal made by combining two or more metallic elements.

32
Q

Flint

A

A hard grey rock consisting of nearly pure silica.

33
Q

Percussion Flaking

A

The shaping of a stone implement by striking or chipping off flakes with another stone or a piece of wood, bone, or antler.

34
Q

Fossil

A

The remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded and preserved in rock.

35
Q

Folding

A

The buckling of rocks caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.

36
Q

Palaeontologist

A

A Scientist who studies Fossils.

37
Q

Relative Age

A

The age of a rock compared with the age of another rock.

38
Q

Carnivore

A

An Animal that eats other Animals.

39
Q

Scavenger

A

Animals that eat Dead Plant and Animal material.

40
Q

Mould

A

Cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods.

41
Q

Trace Fossils

A

Fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed.

42
Q

Extinct

A

Describes volcanoes that are no longer active. Extinct volcanoes have not erupted for thousands of years and show no sign of future eruption.

Science (4 decks)

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