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Geology Flashcards

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1
Q

A mineral has a definite chemical composition. This means it must be an ____________ or a _________________.

A

element, compound

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2
Q

Atoms arranged in definite patterns will create _____________.

A

crystals

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3
Q

Is concrete a mineral? Why or why not?

A

Concrete is not a mineral because it does not occur naturally, it is man made, has no definite chemical composition, and no crystal pattern.

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4
Q

Is Ice a mineral? Why or why not?

A

Ice from glaciers are minerals because they occur naturally and meets the 5 criteria, but freezer ice is not because it is man made.

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5
Q

How many minerals have been identified?

A

3,000-4,000

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6
Q

What are the two most abundant minerals in the crust?

A

Quartz, Feldspar

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7
Q

What are the 8 most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust?

A

Fe, O, Si, Mg, Al, Ca, Na, K

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8
Q

What are the 2 most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust?

A

O, Si

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9
Q

____________ + ______________ + a metal = a silicate

A

Silicone, Oxygen

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10
Q

What percent of the minerals in the Earth’s crust are silicates?

A

96%

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11
Q

Minerals are classified by their chemical make up as either a ____________ or a ______________.

A

silicate, non-silicate

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12
Q

What % of minerals in the Earth’s crust are non-silicates?

A

4%

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13
Q

Native elements contain _________________.

A

one element

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14
Q

Oxide minerals contain _____________, sometimes _______________, plus another element.

A

Oxygen, Hydrogen

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15
Q

Halides contain elements from the __________ group on the periodic table.

A

Halogen

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16
Q

Most often halides combine with the elements _______, ______, ________, ___________, ___________.

A

Fl, Cl, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine

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17
Q

Carbon, Oxygen, and another element will classify a mineral as a __________________

A

carbonate

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18
Q

What is the difference between a Sulfide and a Sulfate?

A

A Sulfide contains S but no O, and a Sulfate contains both S and O.

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19
Q

What is the easiest physical property to identify?

A

colour

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20
Q

Why is colour not a reliable property?

A

unreliable

21
Q

What are minerals that change colours?

A

Flourite, Quartz, Hematite

22
Q

What colour streak does Hematite have?

A

red

23
Q

What are some things that could possibly affect the colour of a mineral.

A

where the mineral was made/found, weather, lack/excess of element, sunlight, water

24
Q

What is luster?

A

the ability to reflect light

25
Q

A mineral can be classified as having a ___________ or a ________________ luster.

A

metallic, non-metallic

26
Q

What are 5 words to describe a non-metallic luster?

A

glassy, waxy, pearly, brilliant, earthy

27
Q

What is streak?

A

the colour of a mineral in powdered form

28
Q

What type streak will most metallic minerals have?

A

dark

29
Q

Non-metallic minerals typically have a _______________ or _____________ streak.

A

clear, lighter

30
Q

You test the streak with a ________________, _____________, _____________________.

A

streak plate, mineral, mortar & pestle

31
Q

What is hardness?

A

the resistance to scratching

32
Q

What is the hardness of a penny?

A

3.2

33
Q

What is the hardness of a glass slide?

A

5.5

34
Q

What is the hardness of your fingernail?

A

2.5

35
Q

What is the hardness of an Iron nail?

A

6.5

36
Q

Diamond can scratch ________________________.

A

any mineral

37
Q

What do all minerals experience when they break?

A

fracture

38
Q

What make up rocks?

A

minerals

39
Q

What are the 3 types of rocks?

A

igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

40
Q

The inner core is made of solid _________.

A

iron

41
Q

What kind of minerals are in intrusive igneous rocks?

A

large, grainy

42
Q

What kind of texture are intrusive igneous rocks?

A

rough

43
Q

What kind of texture are extrusive igneous rock?

A

smooth

44
Q

What is the most common type of rock?

A

granite

45
Q

What % of rocks are sedimentary?

A

75%

46
Q

What 3 categories are sedimentary rocks divided into?

A

clastic, chemical, organic

47
Q

What form metamorphic rocks?

A

heat & pressure

48
Q

How do sedimentary rocks form?

A

tiny particles are compressed and compacted into a rock

49
Q

Define mineral

A

A mineral is inorganic, naturally occurring, solid, crystal patterned, and has a definite chemical composition.

Science (3 decks)

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