Geology Flashcards
1
Q
A large deposit of terminal moraine in a valley may indicate that A) a glacier passed through quickly B)a glacier calved there C) an ice front remained there D) 2 glaciers joined there
A
C
2
Q
One way to determine the direction which a glacier passed through a valley is to study A)Potholes in the valley floor B)it's riches moutonnees C) the ground moraine D) it's nunataks
A
B
3
Q
Which of the following is not characteristic of the sediment in a moraine
A)there is lack of strata
B)the sediment is poorly sorted
C)the particles are not well rounded
D) the sand-sized particles are virtually all Quartz
A
D
4
Q
Which of the following features of glacial activity is the product of depositional process rather than erosion? A)fjord B)hanging valley C)kettle D)cirque E) horn
A
C
5
Q
What is the me for the material that forms stripes down the length of a glacier A) terminal moraine B) recessional moraine C) medial moraine D) ground moraine
A
C
6
Q
Which of the following is the least likely cause of past ice ages?
A) changes in the tilt of the earths axis
B) a decrease in the earths internal heat
C) blocking of solar radiation by volcanic ash and dust
D) changes in oceanic circulation due to continental drift
A
C
7
Q
An armchair- like basin excavated in bedrock by a glacier is a A)arete B) hanging valley C) cirque D) U-shaped valley E) horn
A
C
8
Q
A long sinuous ridge of glacio-fluvial sediment is known as a A) drumlin B) kettle C) esker D) lateral moraine E) medial moraine
A
C
9
Q
Which of the following processes would be primarily responsible for the formation of a hanging valley ?
A) erosion by glacial ice
B) direct deposition by glacial ice
C) deposition by meltwater from glaciers
D) a hanging valley is not formed by. Glacial process
A
A
10
Q
Which of the following has been considered by geologists as a possible cause of the last ice age
A) reduction in a sea level
B) runaway greenhouse effect
C) destruction of the ozone layer
D) changes in the earths tilt, wobble and orbit
A
D
11
Q
Which of the following statements best describe a valley glacier
A) it is only a few meters thick
B) it is a slow-moving wedge of ice
C) only the highest mountain peaks reach above it
A
B
12
Q
Glacial crevasses rarely go deeper than forty meters because the ice at that depth is A) more brittle B) colder C) more flexible D) harder
A
C
13
Q
Which of the following is associated with ice sheets A) end moraines B) aretes C) lateral moraines D) medial moraines
A
A
14
Q
Which lactation would you most likely find sand which is easily excavated and has the best qualities for building purpose ? A) an esker B) a cirque C) a kettle D) a moraine
A
A
15
Q
Consequences of groundwater withdrawal may include A) saltwater intrusion B) surface subsidence C) compaction of aquifer rocks D) all of the above
A
D
16
Q
If fresh ground water is actively pumped in a coastal region, all of the following may occur except
A) saltwater intrusion
B) coning at the base of the freshwater lens
C) development of a perched water table
A
C
17
Q
A rock with spaces between the grains of its material is said to be A) permeable B) impermeable C) nonporous D) porous
A
D
18
Q
A terrain having abundant sinkholes and other solution features is discribed as A)cavernous B)porous C) permeable D) karst
A
D
19
Q
As the population of a city increases , more water is consumed than can be replaced by rainfall. The areas water table will likely A)rise B) fluctuate C) drop D) be unaffected
A
C
20
Q
What is the relationship between particle size and porosity of the sediments
A) the larger particle , the greater the porosity
B) the smaller the particle, the greater the porosity
C) there is no relationship between particle size and porosity
A
B
21
Q
Give a reason why the permeability and porosity of the silty sand is so different from the permeability and porosity of the well sorted sand ?
A
The silt particles in the silty sand fill the voids between the sand grains
22
Q
All of the following are examples of flows EXCEPT A) debris Avalanche B) nuee ardente C) solifluction D) slump
A
D
23
Q
Water can
A) increase the risk of sliding by adding weight to a slope
B) increase the risk of sliding by accelerating the rate of weathering
C) increase the risk of sliding by increasing pore pressure in rocks
D) all above
A
D
24
Q
Which factors is least likely to trigger a landslide A) force of gravity B) earth tremors C) rapid snow melt D) heavy rainstorms
A
A
25
Which of the following human activities is least likely to cause the failure of a steep slope
A)installing perforated drainage pipes
B) excavating a road cut across the slope
C) cutting a homesite into the base of the slope
A
26
```
Which of the following activities can increase the risk of slope failure ?
A) installation of a septic tank
B) irrigation and lawn watering
C) making steep roadcuts
D) all above
```
D
27
What can U conclude about a sedimentary bed which gradually changes from a limestone to a shale along the strike if the bed ?
A)the rocks are fossiliferous
B) it indicates s change in depositional environment
C) the age of the rocks must be constantly changing
D) there is an unconformity between the 2 rocks
B
28
Cross bedding arises from ?
A) sediment bearing water or wind flowing across a sloping surface
B) water moving rhythmically back and forth, as at a shoreline
C) changes in composition of the material being deposited
A
29
```
Carbonate sedimentation is most likely to occur in
A) deep, cold waters
B) warm, shallow waters
C) a beach environment
D) a tidal flat
```
B
30
```
Which is not a sedimentary structure
A) ripple marks
B) cross beds
C) striations
D) mud cracks
```
C
31
```
Which is not a sedimentary structure
A) mud cracks
B) ripple marks
C) slip- strike fault
D) cross - bending
E) fossil footprints
```
C
32
```
An undersea current of dense muddy water is a
A) landslide
B) a turbidity current
C) a density flow
D) a tsunami
```
B
33
```
If a beaker of seawater were left to evaporate and dry out, the minerals left present in the container would most likely be
A) biotite and Quartz
B) gypsum and halite
C) fluorite and galena
D) calcite and chalcopyrite
```
B
34
Which of the following structures are associated with rocks formed in a desert sedimentary environment
A) graded beds, ripple marks, and cross-beds
B) ripple marks, sole marks, and cross-beds
C) mud cracks and sole marks
D) ripple marks and cross-beds
D
35
```
Which rocks could be associated with a bathyal (deep water) sedimentary environment?
A) shale and gneiss
B) limestone and sandstone
C) shale and siltstone
D) gneiss and sandstone
```
C
36
```
Which can't be used to tell if a sedimentary rock has been turned over ?
A) mud cracks
B) graded bedding
C) fine laminations
D) rain prints
```
C
37
```
Which of the following setting would you except the finest- grained sediments to be deposited
A) a beach
B) a stream channel
C) a stream delta
D) a deep basin, far from shore
```
D
38
```
Which is often formed by sedimentary processes ?
A) pyrite
B) garnet
C)gypsum
D) asbestos
```
C
39
A major source of the cement in sedimentary rocks is found in
A) groundwater
B) conglomerate
C) glaciers
A
40
```
A rock face shows several distinct levels of rock it is most likely that the rock was formed by
A) metamorphism
B) sedimentation
C) earthquake
D) precipitation
```
B
41
```
Which of the following is formed when water containing dissolved mineral material evaporates
A) ice
B) crystals
C) foliation
D) striations
```
B
42
As clastic sediments are transported by a stream farther from their source
A) grain size increases
B) grains become more angular due to break up
C) the more easily weathered minerals tend to be broken down
C
43
Compaction of a sediment leads to
A) an increase in permeable
B) a decrease in porosity
C) a decrease in grain size
B
44
If granite outcrop was weathered and eroded, which pair of rock types would most likely be formed from the sediment from this outcrop?
A) quartzite and sandstone
B) limestone and shale
C) shale and sandstone
C
45
```
Sediments composed of broken up fragments of preexisting rocks and minerals are termed
A) chemical
B) clastic
C) carbonate
D) lithified
```
B
46
```
Clastic sediments are classified and named primarily on the basis of
A) particle size
B) chemical composition
C) extent of lithification
D) type of source material
```
A
47
```
Which of the following is composed of the finest grained material
A) sandstone
B) conglomerate
C) shale
D) breccia
```
C
48
```
Small rounded grains composed o calcite are most often found in
A)sandstone
B) limestone
C) shale
D) mudstone
```
B
49
```
Which of the following enables a river to carry rock particles that are heavier than water ?
A) abrasion
B)solution
C) suspension
D) turbulence
```
D
50
```
The braiding of streams occurs most often ..?
A) on steep slopes
B) as a result of pot holing
C) as the land becomes relatively flat
D) as the steam picks up speed
E) on alight up hill grades
```
C
51
```
The removal of weathered debris by natural agencies is known as
A) physical weathered
B) chemical weathering
C) exfoliation
D) erosion
E) mass wastage
```
D
52
```
Thick deposits of sediment built up along stream banks by floodwaters are called
A) floodplains
B) levees
C) back swamps
D) cutoffs
```
B
53
```
Which of the following enables a river to carry rock particles that are heavier than water
A) abrasion
B) solution
C) suspension
D) turbulence
```
D
54
```
Natural levees are one example of
A) oxbows
B) deltas
C) over bank deposits
D) alluvial fans
```
C
55
A stream gradient is
A) a measure of how well sorted its sediments are
B) the distance that it has cut below base level
C) a measure of the slope of the streambed
D) a measure of how rapidly it flows
C
56
```
Which is responsible for the formation of a slip-off slope
A) wind erosion
B) water erosion
C) wind deposition
D)water deposition
```
D
57
A river is likely to pick up more sedimentary material where it
A) enters a lake
B) flows into a wider channel
C) flows around the outside of a meander
D) flows from a high gradient to a low gradient
C
58
```
The size and shape of the fragments in a clastic sediment give an indication of the
A)depth of deposition
B) cementing material
C) distance transported
D) source of the sediments
```
C
59
```
A stream draining a steep glacial area often becomes multi channelled when it flows onto less steep terrain because the stream
A) is losing water
B) is highly erosive
C) picks up lots of sediment
D) blocks its channels with sediment
```
D
60
```
If a river carries calcium in solution the bedrock in the source area is probally
A) obsidian
B) limestone
C) granite
D) Quartz
```
B
61
```
Which of the following enables a river to carry rock particles that are heavier than water
A) abrasion
B) solution
C) suspension
D) turbulence
```
D
62
```
In which one of the following locations would U most likely find sand which is easily excavated and has the best qualities for building purposes
A) an esker
B) a cirque
C) a kettle
D) a moraine
```
A
63
```
Sediments derived from a granite batholiths and deposited at the outer edge of a delta would most likely form
A) slate
B) shale
C) breccia
D) limestone
```
B
64
```
Which of the following enables a river to carry rock particles that are heavier than water
A) abrasion
B) solution
C) suspension
D) turbulence
```
D
65
```
Which of the following minerals is most likely to be converted to rust during weathering
A) carbon dioxide
B) sulfur
C) water
D) calcium
```
C
66
```
Which is not a component of pollution related acid rain
A) carbon dioxide
B) sulfur compounds
C) water
D) calcium
```
D
67
```
Which rocks would be the most chemically resistant building material in an industrial area
A) marble
B) limestone
C) shale
D) granite
```
D
68
```
A stone sculpture is placed outside in a moist warm climate the sculpture will be most durable if it is made of
A) granite
B) hale
C) marble
D) limestone
```
A
69
```
Which of the following rocks would U except to be weathered most readily in a temperate climate
A) diorite
B) granite
C) Gabbro
D) quartzite
```
C
70
The process by which soluble materials are selectively removed from soil is
A) spheroidal weThering
B) leaching
C) precipitation
B
71
```
The substance which is responsible for most chemical weathering is
A) sulphur ours acid
B) carbonic acid
C) humic acid
D) oxygen
E) pure water
```
E
72
A granite outcrop weathers fastest in a climate that is
A ) cold and dry
B) temperate and moist
C) hot and moist
C
73
In what type of climate would U except badly fractured feldspar to weather rapidly
A) wet and freezing
B) dry and warm
C) wet and warm
C
74
```
Which is not directly an agent of erosion
A) wind
B) sunlight
C) rain
D) gravity
```
B
75
```
Repeated wetting and drying can break up rocks that contain
A) limestone
B) clay
C) Quartz
D) granite
```
B
76
```
Which is not an example of physical weathering
A) hydrolysis
B) frost action
C) wetting and drying
D) root action
```
A
77
If a river carries calcium in solution the bedrock in the source area is probably
A)obsidian
B ) limestone
C) granite
B
78
```
Which would tend to increase the rate of chemical weathering
A) increased rainfall
B)higher tempature
C) mechanical weathering
D) all above
```
B
79
```
The type of weathering shown above is referred to as
A) spheroidal weathering
B) differnential weathering
C) exfoliation
D) mass wastage
```
B
80
```
One of the layers in the previous photograph contains limestone. What type of chemical weathering is affecting this layer ?
A) oxidation
B) hydrolysis
C) exfoliation
D) solution
```
D
