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Geology > Geology > Flashcards

Geology Flashcards

1
Q

Hardness Scale

A
  1. Talc
  2. Gypsum
    2.5 Finger nail
  3. Calcite
    3.5 Copper coin
  4. Fluorite
  5. Apatite
    5.5 Steel pin
  6. Feldspar
    6.5 Steel blade
  7. Quartz
  8. Topaz
  9. Corundum
  10. Diamond
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2
Q

Tests for Minerals

A

Acid test- reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid
Cleavage Planes- well defined flat planes
Hardness test- scratched with steel pin or finger nail
Streak test- powder left on porcelain plate

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3
Q

Internal Structure

A

Atmosphere- gas
Hydrosphere- liquid/solid
Crust- solid
Mantle- solid
Outer core- liquid
Inner core- solid

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4
Q

Density Equation

A

mass(g)/volume(cm cubed)
light<3.0
hefty 3-5
very hefty >5.0

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5
Q

Describing Minerals

A

Prismatic
Ancicular
Botrtoidal
Dendritic
Mammilated
Massive
Lamella
Tabular
Twinning

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6
Q

Further Describing Minerals

A

Lustre- adamantine, vitreous, metallic
Conchoidal- broken glass
Even/blocky- flattish
Uneven- ridge/depression
Transparent, translucent, opaque

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7
Q

Silicic Minerals

A

Quartz, Orthoclase, Plagioclase, Muscovite

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8
Q

Mafic Minerals

A

Biotite, Hornblende, Augite, Olivine

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9
Q

Silicate Structures

A

Single Tetrahedra- olivine
Single Chain- augite
Double Chain- hornblende
Sheet Silicates- muscovite (K), biotite (Fe/Mg)
Framework- quartz (strong bonds), feldspar (weak bonds)

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10
Q

Other Minerals

A

heamatite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, calcite, fluorite, barite, gypsum, hailite

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11
Q

External Energy

A

powers surface processes e.g. solar energy, gravity

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12
Q

Internal Energy

A

heat powers uplift e.g. radioactive decay, heat

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13
Q

P Waves

A

compressional/longitudinal, incompressible, 6.5km/s, travels through solids/ liquids/gas, shadow zone at 103-142

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14
Q

S Waves

A

shear/transverse, rigidity, 3.5km/s, travels through solids/semi-solids, shadow zone at 103-103

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15
Q

Wave Acceleration

A

I<Rfr

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16
Q

Wave Deceleration

A

I>Rfr

17
Q

Low Velocity Zone

A

near the boundary of the lithosphere and asthenosphere

18
Q

Meteorites

A

stony meteorites- similar to mantle peridotite
iron meteorites- iron+nickel

Geology (4 decks)

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