geologic processes on earth Flashcards
Occurs near or on the surface of the Earth.
Exogenous processes
Influenced or driven by gravity, water, wind, and organisms
Exogenous Processes
Destructive occurrences that leave significant changes on the landscape and even in the ecosystem of an area
Exogenous Processes
4 types of Exogenous Processes
Weathering, Erosion, Mass Wasting, Sedimentation
Disintegration of rocks, soil, and minerals together with other materials through Earth’s subsystems
Weathering
On the spot
In situ
Happens even without movement or transportation
Weathering
2 types of weathering
Physical Weathering, Chemical Weathering
Breakdown of rocks by mechanical forces concentrated along rock fractures. It is due to changes in temperature, pressure, etc.
Physical Weathering
Process by which rocks break down by chemical reactions. New or secondary minerals develop and sometimes replace the original properties of the minerals in the original rock or soil
Chemical Weathering
Processes that contribute to Chemical Weathering
Oxidation, Hydrolysis, Acid Rain
Reaction of a substance with oxygen. Example: Iron oxide
Oxidation
The chemical breakdown of a substance when combined with water
Hydrolysis
Cause metals or stones to corrode or deteriorate and change their properties
Acid Rain
The process by which Earth’s surface is worn away by wind, water, or ice. Moves rock debris or soil from one place to another
Erosion
Erosion takes place where there is…
Rainfall, Surface run off, flowing rivers, seawater intrusion, flooding, freezing and thawing, hurricane, wind, movement of land animals during migration or stampede, human activities: deforestation, overgrazing, mining
Refers to the movement of large masses of materials (rock, debris, soil, mud) down a slope or a steep-sided hill or mountain due to the pull of gravity. Is very destructive in areas with increased water flow, steep slopes, scarce or no vegetation. or vibrating or moving ground
Mass Wasting
Different forms of mass wasting
Debris flow, Mud flow, slump
Happens when a large amount of sediments usually rocks of various sizes, falls down the slope. Unlike a landslide, this does not need water to flow down
Debris flow
Happens when a combined soil and water flow down a slope. Usually happens near river or streams where soil or sand is always moist or has been soaked in water for a long time
Mud Flow
Indicates the severity of risk when it flows down community
Weight of mudflow
slow movement of soil along a curved surface
Slump
The accumulation of materials such as soil, rock fragments, and soil particles settling on the ground. Usually occurs in streams and sea erosion. With presence of minerals
Sedimentation
Takes place within or in the interior of Earth
Endogenous Processes
The driving force is the thermal energy of the mantle
Endogenous Processes
Responsible for Earthquakes, volcanic activities, and other movement related to Earth’s crust
Endogenous processes
Most of this energy originates from the decay and disintegration of radioactive elements in Earth’s core
Thermal energy
Types of Endogenous Processes
Magmatism, Volcanism, Metamorphism
Happens when magma is generated and develops into igneous rocks. Process can take place either under the surface or on the surface of the Earth.
Magmatism
Is the original material that make up igneous rocks
Magma
Process that usually happens after magma is formed
Volcanism
Magma comes out with extreme heat and pressure and may cause destructive explosion
Volcanism
when magma reaches the surface of the Earth
Lava
Animals in a volcano undergo what?
Chemotropism
Volcanism is also known as what?
Plutonism
Process of changing the materials that make up a rock. Chemical components and geologic characteristics of the rock changed due to heat and pressure that are increasing or decreasing.
Metamorphism
