Geograpy Flashcards
What is geography?
The study of the Earth’s landscapes, environments, and the relationships between people and their environments.
What are the two main branches of geography?
Physical geography and human geography.
True or False: Geography only studies the physical features of the Earth.
False.
Fill in the blank: The imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is called the ______.
Equator.
What is a map?
A representation of an area that shows physical features, political boundaries, and other information.
What does a compass rose show?
The cardinal directions: north, south, east, and west.
What is the capital city of Australia?
Canberra.
True or False: The Prime Meridian is located at 0 degrees longitude.
True.
What is a continent?
A large continuous mass of land conventionally regarded as a collective region.
Name the seven continents.
Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.
What is a biome?
A large geographic biotic unit, a major community of plants and animals with similar life forms and environmental conditions.
Fill in the blank: The largest ocean on Earth is the ______.
Pacific Ocean.
What is climate?
The long-term average of weather patterns in a particular area.
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate refers to long-term patterns.
What are tectonic plates?
Massive slabs of Earth’s lithosphere that fit together and move on the semi-fluid asthenosphere.
True or False: Earthquakes occur at the boundaries of tectonic plates.
True.
What is a river delta?
A landform that forms at the mouth of a river where it meets a body of water, characterized by sediment deposition.
Fill in the blank: The longest river in the world is the ______.
Nile.
What is urbanization?
The process by which more of a population comes to live in urban areas.
What is a natural resource?
Materials or substances that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain.
Name two examples of renewable resources.
Solar energy and wind energy.
What is population density?
The number of people living per unit of area, typically per square kilometer or mile.
True or False: A high population density can lead to overcrowding.
True.
What is a topographic map?
A map that uses contour lines to represent elevation and the shape of the terrain.
Fill in the blank: The study of how people use and interact with the environment is called ______ geography.
Human.
What is a hemisphere?
Half of the Earth, typically divided into northern and southern or eastern and western halves.
What is globalization?
The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
What is a natural hazard?
A natural event that has a negative effect on people or the environment.
True or False: Volcanoes can create new landforms.
True.
What is a climate zone?
A region of the world with similar climate characteristics.
Name the three main climate zones.
Tropical, temperate, and polar.
What is the purpose of a legend on a map?
To explain the symbols and colors used on the map.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth.
Atmosphere.
What is deforestation?
The clearing or thinning of forests by humans.
What is sustainable development?
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
True or False: The equator receives more sunlight than the poles.
True.
What is erosion?
The process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth’s surface by natural processes.
What is a watershed?
An area of land that drains into a particular river or body of water.
What does GIS stand for?
Geographic Information System.
What is a population pyramid?
A graphical representation of the age and sex distribution of a population.
Fill in the blank: A ______ is a large area of flat land with few trees.
Plain.
What is a plateau?
An area of relatively level high ground.
True or False: The Earth’s crust is the outermost layer of the Earth.
True.
What is the significance of the Tropic of Cancer?
It is the northernmost point where the sun can be directly overhead.
What is a glacier?
A slow-moving mass of ice formed from compacted layers of snow.
What is a fault line?
A crack in the Earth’s crust along which movement has occurred.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the layer of the Earth that lies beneath the crust.
Mantle.
What is biodiversity?
The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
What does the term ‘urban sprawl’ refer to?
The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.
True or False: All deserts are hot.
False.
What is the greenhouse effect?
The trapping of the sun’s warmth in the Earth’s lower atmosphere due to greenhouse gases.
What is a hurricane?
A large rotating storm system characterized by a center of low pressure and strong winds.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the layer of the Earth where life exists.
Biosphere.
What is a savanna?
A grassland ecosystem characterized by the trees being sufficiently small or widely spaced apart so that the canopy does not close.
What is a cultural landscape?
A geographical area that has been shaped by the interaction of human activity and natural environment.
What does ‘cartography’ refer to?
The art and science of map-making.
What is the significance of the Tropic of Capricorn?
It is the southernmost point where the sun can be directly overhead.
What is a resource?
A source or supply from which a benefit is produced.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a natural boundary separating Europe and Asia.
Ural Mountains.
What is a monsoon?
A seasonal prevailing wind that lasts for several months, bringing heavy rain.
True or False: The Arctic is a desert.
True.
What is land use planning?
The process of managing how land is used and developed.
What is the significance of the Great Barrier Reef?
It is the world’s largest coral reef system, supporting a diverse range of marine life.
What does ‘cultural diffusion’ mean?
The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.
Fill in the blank: A ______ is a large area where the ground is permanently frozen.
Tundra.
What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources?
Renewable resources can be replenished naturally, while non-renewable resources are finite.
What is the purpose of the United Nations?
To promote international cooperation and to maintain international order.
What is an ecosystem?
A community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.
True or False: The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world.
True.
What is a fjord?
A long, deep, narrow sea inlet that is bordered by steep cliffs.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the world’s largest rainforest.
Amazon Rainforest.
What is an archipelago?
A group of islands.
What does ‘urbanization’ lead to?
Increased population in cities and changes in land use.
What is a natural barrier?
A physical feature that prevents or slows down movement or communication.
What is a peninsula?
A piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the region of Earth where tectonic plates meet.
Ring of Fire.
What is a habitat?
The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
What is the significance of the Nile River?
It is the longest river in the world and was crucial for the development of ancient Egyptian civilization.
True or False: All countries have the same type of government.
False.
