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Geography > Geography - yr 9 end of year > Flashcards

Geography - yr 9 end of year Flashcards

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1
Q

where are igneous rocks located in the uk?

A

north parts including northern Ireland

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2
Q

where are sedimentary rocks located in the uk?

A

southern and eastern parts of the uk

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3
Q

where are metamorphic rocks located in the uk?

A

north-west

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4
Q

relief of the uk

A

-the relief is high in the north
-relief is also high in the west in Wales
-relief is low in England
-more low towards the south

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5
Q

how are igneous rocks formed

A

formed by magma cooling to create igneous rock

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6
Q

how are metamorphic rocks formed

A

formed by heat and pressure

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7
Q

how are sedimentary rocks formed

A

formed by layers on the ocean bed stacking together with puts pressure on the rock below

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8
Q

what country’s make up the uk?

A

England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

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9
Q

what country’s make up great Britain?

A

England, Scotland, wales

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10
Q

name 3 rivers in the uk

A

wandle, seven, thames

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11
Q

what is chemical weathering

A

-minerals inside of rocks go through changes caused by chemical reactions
-caused by water, oxygen, co2 or acids

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12
Q

what is mechanical weathering

A

the wear down of rocks caused by frost, ice, or heat from the sun

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13
Q

what is biological weathering

A

plants, animals and other living things cause larger rocks to be broken into smaller pieces

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14
Q

what transportation method is traction

A

large, heavy pebbles are rolled along the river bed.

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15
Q

what transportation method is saltation

A

pebbles are bounced along the river bed

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16
Q

what transportation method is suspension

A

lighter sediment is suspended (carried) within the water

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17
Q

what transportation method is solution

A

the transport of dissolved chemicals

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18
Q

what erosion method is Hydraulic action

A

This is the sheer power of the water as it smashes against the river banks.

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19
Q

what erosion method is Abrasion

A

When pebbles grind along the river bank and bed

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20
Q

what erosion method is Attrition

A

When rocks that the river is carrying knock against each other.

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21
Q

what erosion method is Solution

A

When the water dissolves certain types of rocks

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22
Q

what is erosional landform

A

firstly, there is a crack in the cliff that widens, eventually it collapses to form a small cave, then the cave breaks through to form an arch, unsupported rock collapses to form a stack, the stack erodes down from weathering to form a stack in the sea

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23
Q

physical causes of erosion in Happisburgh

A

rain soaks into cliff - the cliffs are soft so erode more easily

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24
Q

human causes of erosion in Happisburgh

A

the Norfolk counsel take away 10 million tones of sand each year, has a low population density

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25
Q

what is happening in Happisburgh

A

Happisburgh are experiencing coastal erosion at a rapid rate and are trying to mitigate the rate of coastal erosion but do not have the money to do so

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26
Q

what are the 3 bodies of water surrounding the uk?

A

north sea, Atlantic ocean and English channel

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26
Q

what are some sea defences

A

sea wall, groynes, revetments, rip rap, gabions, beach replenishment, break waters, cliff drains

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27
Q

what is a sea wall

A

a concrete wall placed at the foot of the cliff to protect it

28
Q

what are groynes

A

dividers along the beach to prevent longshore drift

29
Q

what are revetments

A

a wooden or concrete, slopping structure placed at the foot of the cliff

30
Q

what are rip rap

A

boulders placed at the foot of the cliff

30
Q

what are gabions

A

a wire cage, filled with small rocks and stone

31
Q

does Happisburgh have a sea wall

A

NO

32
Q

what does low pressure equal to

A

unsettled weather

33
Q

what are the 3 main rivers in India

A

Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra

33
Q

what is a soft power

A

the ability to influence a country slightly without force or power

33
Q

what does high pressure equal to

A

clear skys / sunny weather

34
Q

what is the arctic maritine

A

-cold and wet weather
-brought from the arctic
-comes down from the north of the uk

34
Q

what is tropical continental

A

-warm, dry and clear skys
-effects the south of the uk
-comes up from the south

34
Q

what are the 3 main mountain ranges in india

A

Eastern Ghats, Himalayas and Aravalli Range

35
Q

what is a hard power

A

the ability to influence a county entirely using force or power

35
Q

what are some of India’s soft powers

A

-sport
-film and media
-international aid
-TNCs

36
Q

what are some of India’s hard powers

A

-military
-natural resources
-economy

37
Q

what is an inter glacial period

A

periods of warmer temperatures. last for about 10,000 years

38
Q

what is a glacial period

A

periods of colder temperatures. last for about 100,000

39
Q

what are glacial landforms

A

a natural, recognisable feature on the land, formed by the action of glaciers

40
Q

who is a stakeholder

A

an individual or group that has an interest in any decision or activity of an organisation

41
Q

what is a golden spike

A

a geological marker created by a global event that leads to long lasting global changes recorded in the earths geology

42
Q

what is an ice sheet

A

-expands more than 50,000sq km
-only found in Antarctica and Greenland

43
Q

what is an ice cap

A

-usually found near the edge of ice sheets but less than 50,000sq km
-they are larger than a glacier

44
Q

what is a glacier

A

-they are smaller than ice sheets and ice caps
-is a tongue of ice that moves very slowly downhill

45
Q

what is the zone of accumulation

A

the upper area of a glacier where the rate of accumulation is higher than the rate of ablation

46
Q

what is the zone of ablation

A

the lower area of a glacier where the rate of ablation is higher than the rate of accumulation

47
Q

what is accumulation

A

the gains of snow and ice in a glacier

48
Q

how is a u-shaped valley formed

A

-glacier forms in a V-shaped valley
-freeze though takes place on the side of the glacier(steepens the valley sides)
-plucking takes rocks from the side of the glacier making it steeper
-this makes a u - shaped valley

49
Q

what is an arete

A

-the narrow edge along the top of 2 mountains
-steep slopes either sides of the ridge

50
Q

what is a corrie

A

an armchair shaped depression

50
Q

what is a pyramidal peak

A

-the steep peak of the mountain
-bit like a pyramid

51
Q

how is a corrie formed

A

-snow build up on the mountain
-freeze though weakens the rocks in the mountain
-the glacier moves down hill while plucking the loose rocks
-the rocks clear out a hole in the mountain (abrasion)
-the glacier melts and leaves a corrie

52
Q

what is a melt water lake

A

-a glacier melts into water to form a lake

53
Q

what are the 3 types of erosion in glaciers

A

abrasion - the rocks rubbing against each other like sandpaper
plucking - the glacier picking up loose rocks while moving
deposition - the glacier taking rocks from one place to another

54
Q

how is middle east suffering from climate change

A

Egypt - experiencing rising sea levels
Jedda in Saudi Arabia - has suffered almost annual floods
Abu Dhabi - extreme heat

55
Q

what problem is Bangladesh facing

A

rising sea levels

56
Q

what is happening in Masdar city

A

they are trying to be the first fully sustainable city

57
Q

what is the Paris agreement

A

The Agreement includes commitments from all countries (195) to reduce their emissions and work together to adapt to the impacts of climate change

58
Q

what are the 3 development indicators

A

LIDC, EDC, AC

59
Q

what are all of the development indicators

A

HDI, GDP per capita, life expectancy, literacy rate, GDP, birth rate, infant mortality rate, death rate and happy index

60
Q
A

Geography (1 decks)

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