Geography - yr 9 end of year Flashcards
where are igneous rocks located in the uk?
north parts including northern Ireland
where are sedimentary rocks located in the uk?
southern and eastern parts of the uk
where are metamorphic rocks located in the uk?
north-west
relief of the uk
-the relief is high in the north
-relief is also high in the west in Wales
-relief is low in England
-more low towards the south
how are igneous rocks formed
formed by magma cooling to create igneous rock
how are metamorphic rocks formed
formed by heat and pressure
how are sedimentary rocks formed
formed by layers on the ocean bed stacking together with puts pressure on the rock below
what country’s make up the uk?
England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
what country’s make up great Britain?
England, Scotland, wales
name 3 rivers in the uk
wandle, seven, thames
what is chemical weathering
-minerals inside of rocks go through changes caused by chemical reactions
-caused by water, oxygen, co2 or acids
what is mechanical weathering
the wear down of rocks caused by frost, ice, or heat from the sun
what is biological weathering
plants, animals and other living things cause larger rocks to be broken into smaller pieces
what transportation method is traction
large, heavy pebbles are rolled along the river bed.
what transportation method is saltation
pebbles are bounced along the river bed
what transportation method is suspension
lighter sediment is suspended (carried) within the water
what transportation method is solution
the transport of dissolved chemicals
what erosion method is Hydraulic action
This is the sheer power of the water as it smashes against the river banks.
what erosion method is Abrasion
When pebbles grind along the river bank and bed
what erosion method is Attrition
When rocks that the river is carrying knock against each other.
what erosion method is Solution
When the water dissolves certain types of rocks
what is erosional landform
firstly, there is a crack in the cliff that widens, eventually it collapses to form a small cave, then the cave breaks through to form an arch, unsupported rock collapses to form a stack, the stack erodes down from weathering to form a stack in the sea
physical causes of erosion in Happisburgh
rain soaks into cliff - the cliffs are soft so erode more easily
human causes of erosion in Happisburgh
the Norfolk counsel take away 10 million tones of sand each year, has a low population density
what is happening in Happisburgh
Happisburgh are experiencing coastal erosion at a rapid rate and are trying to mitigate the rate of coastal erosion but do not have the money to do so
what are the 3 bodies of water surrounding the uk?
north sea, Atlantic ocean and English channel
what are some sea defences
sea wall, groynes, revetments, rip rap, gabions, beach replenishment, break waters, cliff drains
what is a sea wall
a concrete wall placed at the foot of the cliff to protect it
what are groynes
dividers along the beach to prevent longshore drift
what are revetments
a wooden or concrete, slopping structure placed at the foot of the cliff
what are rip rap
boulders placed at the foot of the cliff
what are gabions
a wire cage, filled with small rocks and stone
does Happisburgh have a sea wall
NO
what does low pressure equal to
unsettled weather
what are the 3 main rivers in India
Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra
what is a soft power
the ability to influence a country slightly without force or power
what does high pressure equal to
clear skys / sunny weather
what is the arctic maritine
-cold and wet weather
-brought from the arctic
-comes down from the north of the uk
what is tropical continental
-warm, dry and clear skys
-effects the south of the uk
-comes up from the south
what are the 3 main mountain ranges in india
Eastern Ghats, Himalayas and Aravalli Range
what is a hard power
the ability to influence a county entirely using force or power
what are some of India’s soft powers
-sport
-film and media
-international aid
-TNCs
what are some of India’s hard powers
-military
-natural resources
-economy
what is an inter glacial period
periods of warmer temperatures. last for about 10,000 years
what is a glacial period
periods of colder temperatures. last for about 100,000
what are glacial landforms
a natural, recognisable feature on the land, formed by the action of glaciers
who is a stakeholder
an individual or group that has an interest in any decision or activity of an organisation
what is a golden spike
a geological marker created by a global event that leads to long lasting global changes recorded in the earths geology
what is an ice sheet
-expands more than 50,000sq km
-only found in Antarctica and Greenland
what is an ice cap
-usually found near the edge of ice sheets but less than 50,000sq km
-they are larger than a glacier
what is a glacier
-they are smaller than ice sheets and ice caps
-is a tongue of ice that moves very slowly downhill
what is the zone of accumulation
the upper area of a glacier where the rate of accumulation is higher than the rate of ablation
what is the zone of ablation
the lower area of a glacier where the rate of ablation is higher than the rate of accumulation
what is accumulation
the gains of snow and ice in a glacier
how is a u-shaped valley formed
-glacier forms in a V-shaped valley
-freeze though takes place on the side of the glacier(steepens the valley sides)
-plucking takes rocks from the side of the glacier making it steeper
-this makes a u - shaped valley
what is an arete
-the narrow edge along the top of 2 mountains
-steep slopes either sides of the ridge
what is a corrie
an armchair shaped depression
what is a pyramidal peak
-the steep peak of the mountain
-bit like a pyramid
how is a corrie formed
-snow build up on the mountain
-freeze though weakens the rocks in the mountain
-the glacier moves down hill while plucking the loose rocks
-the rocks clear out a hole in the mountain (abrasion)
-the glacier melts and leaves a corrie
what is a melt water lake
-a glacier melts into water to form a lake
what are the 3 types of erosion in glaciers
abrasion - the rocks rubbing against each other like sandpaper
plucking - the glacier picking up loose rocks while moving
deposition - the glacier taking rocks from one place to another
how is middle east suffering from climate change
Egypt - experiencing rising sea levels
Jedda in Saudi Arabia - has suffered almost annual floods
Abu Dhabi - extreme heat
what problem is Bangladesh facing
rising sea levels
what is happening in Masdar city
they are trying to be the first fully sustainable city
what is the Paris agreement
The Agreement includes commitments from all countries (195) to reduce their emissions and work together to adapt to the impacts of climate change
what are the 3 development indicators
LIDC, EDC, AC
what are all of the development indicators
HDI, GDP per capita, life expectancy, literacy rate, GDP, birth rate, infant mortality rate, death rate and happy index
