Geography-Unit 5 Flashcards
Define range
Average maximum distance people will travel for a particular service.
Define central place
A market center for the exchange of goods and services by people living in the surrounding area (hinterland)
Define threshold
The minimum number of customers needed to generate enough sales to make a profit.
Central place theory
Walter christaller. Because the range and thresholds of different services may vary, market centers are arranged in an orderly hierarchy.
4 levels of market areas
Hamlets, villages, town, city
Define hamlet
Very small hinterland, maybe offer a tavern, service station and cafe.
Villages
Small hinterland offers everything hamlet offers and a few more like convo wince stores churches post office.
Town
Large hinterland offers everything a village offers and few more like a grocery store and school.
City
Very large hinterland offers what a town offers and things like hospital and car dealership.
Rank size rule
Settlers in developed countries can be ranked from largest to smallest in a regular pattern.
Primate city rule
The largest city is more than twice as large as the next city.
Global/world city
A city integrated into the global economic system and is a center for the flow of money and information
3 levels of global cities
Alpha, beta and gamma
What is in the CBD
Professional businesses.
What was once in the CBD
Department stores and jewelers.
Why is land expensive
Competition for land because CBD is very accessible.
Define vertical geography
Build up. Higher rent is street level and
Occupied by retailers, middle rent is mid level and occupied by business services that do not depend on foot traffic and high level are apartments with less noise and great views.
Where are factories and wear houses?
Suburbs
Why do YUPpies move to the CBD
Nightlife, entertainment, restaurants, theaters, museums
Define city
An urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent self governing unit.
Central city
A city surrounded by suburbs
Urban area
A central city surrounded by suburbs
Metropolitan area
A functional region or all of the area that a central city influences.
Megalopolis
Overlapping metropolitan areas that cause one contiguous urban complex to be formed.
Examples of megalopolis
Boston to Washington
Chicago to Milwaukee
Annexation
Process of legally adding land to a city
Peripheral model
Chauncey Harris. An urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by a large suburban residential and business area tied together by a beltway ( circle of roads )
Density gradient
The number of housing units per acre of land diminishes as distance from the city center increases
Urban sprawl
The progressive spread of development over the landscape
Council of government
A cooperative agency consisting of representatives of various local governments in a metropolitan area
Concentric zone model
E.W. Burgess. City grow out from a center in a series of concentric rings. CBD, transition zone (industry mixed with poor housing), working class (modest older homes), better residents (middle class), commuter ( bedroom communities)
Sector model
Homer Hoyt. Aa the city grows the area of the activity expands outward with it in a wedge shape
Multiple nuclei model
Harris and Ullman. City develops around more than one center (node)
Urban realms model
Blending of many cities to make a metropolitan
3 stages in developing countries
Pre colonial, colonial and independence
Pre colonial
Cities focused in a religious center
Colonial
Colonist often destroyed native city or built a colonial city next to the native city
Independence
Millions of people have migrated from rural areas to cities
Who is urbanizing at a faster rate
Less developed countries
Mega city
City with more than 10
Million people
Name 8 world mega cities
New York, Tokyo, Sao Paul, Mexico City, Mumbai, Delhi, Jakarta and Lagos
By 2030 how many of the the worlds population will live in slums
2/7
