Geography Unit 2 resource management Flashcards
What are the 3 main resources in the world?
Food, water and energy
What was the demand for food like before the 1960s?
-Locally produced meats
-Food was preserved
-Only in season food was grown (strawberries in summer)
What is the demand for food like now?
-We can eat all foods all year round
-More food is getting imported
-Seasonal goods are imported as it is cheaper than growing it in the UK.
-High demand for organic produce
-47% of food which are imported come from LICs.
What are two methods that the UK can use to reduce the reliance on imported foods?
- We can grow seasonal foods such as: apples and pears in the winter and berries in the summer.
- We can also eat locally produced foods from farmers markets and local farm shops.
What does carbon footprint mean?
The amount of greenhouse gas produced during growing, packaging and transporting of food.
What does agribusiness mean?
Large-scale industrial farming where processes are controlled by large firms.
What does food miles mean?
The distance food is transported to the market.
What does seasonal produce mean?
Food that is not available all year round meaning that you can only buy it in certain months.
What is energy mix?
The range of energy sources of a region or country, both renewable and non-renewable.
What are the 3 fossil fuels?
-coal
-oil
-gas
What are the changes to the fossil fuels?(coal)
Coal
-All coal powered power stations to be shut down by 2025
-Concern about greenhouse gas emissions
What are the changes to fossil fuels?(oil)
Oil
-oil fields are less accessible and the UKs production is declining
What are the changes to fossil fuels? (gas)
Gas
-North sea gas is running out
-Costs are increasing
What is fracking?
Fracking is the process of extracting natural gas from shale rocks which are deep within the earth. This shale gas is then used for energy
Water on the west side of the UK?
-high levels of rainfall.
-Water surplus
-low population: lake district, highlands
Water on the east side of the UK?
-low rainfall
-water deficit
-High population: London, cities
What is Water surplus?
When areas have more water than they need.
What is Water deficit?
When areas have less water then they need for the population.
What is Water stress?
Areas which suffer from prolonged water deficit.
Why is water demand increasing in the UK?
-high population
-people using washing machines and dishwashers
-farming
-showering
Causes of poor water quality?
-Chemicals runoff from farmland
-Water that is used to cool power stations gets released into rivers
impacts of poor water quality?
- food is contaminated by run off
-health issues from drinking dirty water
How to manage poor water quality?
-Water treatment
-Green water to filter pollution
-repair old pipes
What is a water transfer scheme?
Where water moves from an area with water surplus to an area with a water deficit.
Weaknesses of water transfer schemes?
To pump the water it uses fossil fuels which have a negative impact on the environment.
What is Physical water scarcity?
Not enough water due to natural factors such as: climate and pollution.
What is economic water scarcity?
Areas have water but do not have the money to access it.
Why is water consumption increasing?(1)
rising population
-80 million people per year
-70% of freshwater used for farming because we need to grow more crops for more people.
Why is water consumption increasing?(2)
15% of global water is used for energy production.
Name factors that affect the availability of water?
-climate
-pollution
-over abstraction
Impacts of water insecurity?
-Food production
-Industry
-Conflict
-Pollution
Name 3 ways to increase water supply on a LARGE-SCALE?
- Water transfer schemes
- Dams
- Desalination
Advantages of a water transfer scheme?
provides places with water if it was water stress or water deficit.
Advantages of Dams?
- More regular flow all year round
- prevents flooding
- produces hydro electric power
Disadvantages of Dams?
- Very expensive to construct
- Water in the dam can evaporate in hot countries
Disadvantages of water transfer scheme?
They can cause social ,local and environmental problems
What is desalination?
Where you remove salt from seawater to produce freshwater.
Advantages of desalination?
-Supplies 98% of Dubai’s freshwater
-Can help countries which have a sea near to them.
Disadvantages of desalination?
- Expensive
- takes up a lot of energy
- more carbon emissions
What is our case-study for a Large scale water transfer?
Chinas North to south transfer project.
How much does the project cost?
70 billion USD
How will the water be transported?
Through aqueducts, canals and tunnels
Advantages of the project
-Supplies water from areas with low population to areas with higher populations and water deficits.
-prevents flooding
-Provides water for farming
Disadvantages of the project
- 300,000 people have to be re-located
-600 rivers have dried up due to the artificial rivers
-It is very expensive
What are the 3 sustainable strategies to increase water supply?
- Water conservation
- Groundwater Management
- Recycling grey water
What is water conservation?
Where you save and conserve water for example: short showers and baths.
What is groundwater management?
It is where water is in little lakes called aquifers underneath the ground and LIC’s relay on them as a water source.
What is recycling and grey water?
To recycle and use the water again for example your bath and shower water can be used to water the plants or your garden.
