Geography Unit 2 Flashcards
Why is it important to study geography?
its helps us to get an better understanding about this natural resourced and the moment between the planet.
What are the four geologic areas?
Precambrian, Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic
Precambrian means
oldest preserved rocks (3900 m.y.)
- earliest fossils (bacteria 3500 m.y.)
- cells with a nucleus (1500 m.y.)
- complex organisms (700 m.y.)
Cenozoic means
dinosaurs die out (65 m.y.)
- during the last half minute, humans appear
- 4600 m.y. ago the earth begins
Mesozoic means
mammals (220 m.y.)
- birds (145 m.y.)
- flowering plants (118 m.y.)
Paleozoic means
dinosaurs (240 m.y.)
- reptiles (330 m.y.)
- land plants (420 m.y.)
- fish (426 m.y.)
Weathering mean?
breaks down rocks by water and wind
Erosion?
moves the broken pieces of rock
What are the 3 types of rocks?
Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic
Sedimentary means?
made up of 8% of all rocks
formation energy comes from sun
formation is the result of erosion and movement of water
Igneous mean?
made up of 65% of all rocks
means fire
formed by the cooling and solidification of magma
origin: volcanic
Metamorphoic means
made up of 27% of all rocks
means to change
hard rocks that have changed due to increased pressure and heat
What are the 7 landforms regions?
Canadian Shield, Lowlands (interior plains), Greatlakes (st. lawrence lowlands), Hudson Bay (arctic lowlands), Appalachians Mountains, Innuitian Mountains, Western Cordillera
Canadian Shield
more than half of Canada
has the oldest rock in the world, igneous and metamorphic rock, many minerals, thin soil (not good for farming)
Interior plains
has sedimentary rock, flat land (good for farming), wheat and barley growth
Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba
glaciation created the lakes which exposed the interior plains
Great Lakes
southern Canada: Ontario, Quebec
great lakes were created by glaciers
good for farming
Hudson Bay
as sedimentary rock, frosted ground (no farming)
Appalachains Mountain’s
oldest in Canada
east coast: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador
Innuitian Mountains
covered by ice and permanent snow
high mountains
far north of Canada
Western Cordillera
youngest in Canada
subduction zone
west coast: Vancouver
6 factors that affect climate (LOWERN)
Latitudes
Ocean currents
Winds and Air Masses
Elevation
Reliefs
Near Water
latitudes mean
quator receives most sunlight because sunun rays are more concentrated; this makes the area very warm
ocean currents
the sea levels rising
warm ocean currents = warm coastal areas
cold ocean currents = cold coastal areas
Wind and Air Masses?
air mass: volume of air with the same moisture and temperature throughout
wind: horizontal movements of air over the earth’s surface caused by different air pressures, winds blow from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
Elevation
higher the elevation, colder the temperature
elevation increases, condensation increase also results in clouds and precipitation
Reliefs
refers to the elevated shape of the land; the shape affects the amount of precipitation in an area
near water
involves the hydrosphere and the lithosphere.
Global Warming
long-term heating of the earth’s climate
observed since pre-industrial time (early 1900s)
causes: human activities, burning of fossil fuels, heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels
Climate Change
long-term change in average weather patterns
has been observed since 20th century
COP26 ?
international treaty on climate change
adopted by 196 countries on dec. 12, 2015; entered force on nov. 4, 2016
goal is to limit global warming to 1.5°C - finance: $100 billion from rich countries
