Geography Test Globalisation Flashcards
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What is globalisation?
Globalisation is the increasing connection between countries through the exchange of goods, services, ideas, and culture, driven by improvements in transport and technology.
Globalisation encompasses various flows including people, goods, money, and information.
What are the main flows of globalisation?
- People
- Goods
- Money (capital)
- Information
These flows represent the key elements that facilitate global interconnectedness.
What recent advancements have accelerated globalisation?
- Internet
- Mobile phones
- Container ships
- Air travel
These technologies have significantly improved communication and transport, enhancing global trade.
What role do container ships play in globalisation?
Container ships made global trade cheaper and faster since the 1950s.
The efficiency of container ships has transformed shipping logistics.
How has air travel influenced globalisation?
Air travel allows quick movement of people and goods, such as perishable foods.
This rapid transport capability supports international trade and tourism.
What is the impact of the Internet on globalisation?
The Internet enables instant communication, such as emails and video calls.
This connectivity is crucial for businesses and personal interactions across borders.
What advantages do mobile phones provide in the context of globalisation?
Mobile phones allow global connectivity, even in remote areas.
This access facilitates communication and commerce in developing regions.
Where are the headquarters of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) typically located?
Usually in HICs, such as the USA, Japan, and Europe.
This is often due to historical wealth derived from colonialism.
Why do TNCs manufacture in LICs?
Cheaper labour lowers production costs, increasing profits.
This strategy allows TNCs to maximize their profit margins.
What are some positive impacts of TNCs for LICs?
- Creates jobs
- Improves infrastructure
These benefits can lead to economic development in poorer countries.
What are the positive impacts of TNCs for HICs?
- Cheaper products for consumers
- TNCs expand into new markets, boosting profits
Consumers benefit from lower prices due to cost reductions in production.
What is a negative impact of Nike’s operations in NICs?
Profit leakage: Most profits return to the USA, not the NIC.
This limits the economic benefits that remain in the local economy.
What is glocalisation?
Adapting global products to local cultures.
An example is McDonald’s serving vegetarian menus in India.
What are the advantages of glocalisation?
- Increases sales by appealing to local tastes
- Creates jobs
Tailoring products to local preferences can enhance market success.
What is one disadvantage of glocalisation?
Expensive to research and adapt products.
This can strain resources for TNCs trying to enter new markets.
Define sustainability.
Sustainability is meeting current needs without harming future generations.
It encompasses environmental, social, and economic dimensions.
What are some positive aspects of globalisation regarding sustainability?
- Access to diverse products
- TNC investment improves healthcare and education in LICs
These benefits can enhance overall quality of life in developing regions.
What are some negative aspects of globalisation concerning sustainability?
- Pollution from factories in LICs
- Cultural erosion from global brands replacing local traditions
These issues raise concerns about the long-term impacts of globalisation.
What is Fairtrade?
A system that guarantees fair prices and working conditions for farmers in LICs.
Fairtrade aims to empower producers and promote sustainable practices.
How does Fairtrade benefit farmers?
- Farmers receive a minimum price for goods
- Fairtrade Premium funds community projects
These mechanisms help improve living standards and community infrastructure.
What is Slowbalisation?
A slowdown in globalisation due to reduced trade and travel during the pandemic.
This phenomenon reflects the immediate impacts of global crises on interconnectedness.
How did Covid-19 impact the flow of goods?
Factory closures disrupted supply chains.
This led to shortages in various sectors, including electronics.
How did Covid-19 affect the flow of people?
Travel bans reduced tourism and migration.
This resulted in significant economic impacts for many countries dependent on these flows.
