Geography Test Flashcards
What does the word geography mean
Earth description
What is geography the study of
Our interaction with the environment and the earths living things
What are the types of geography
Human, physical, economic, political, regional
Human geography
Studies activity of people and how they vary place to place
Regional geography
Study of the specific regions of the world and how each affects the other
5 themes of geography
Location, place, human environment interaction, movement, region
Two types of location
Relative and absolute
What is relative location
The position of one place in relation to other places
Absolute location
Exact spot on the earth where something is found
Longitude lines
Imaginary lines that run vertically from the north to South Pole around the earth. The measure east and west of the prime meridian
Prime meridian
Runs through Greenwich England. All lines of longitude are measure either east or west of that point
Lines of latitude
Imaginary lines that run in an east west direction but measure north south of the equator
Another name for lines of latitude
Parallels(they are equal in distance)
What are lines of longitude and latitude measured in
Degrees
What does place describe
Human and physical characteristics of a location
Physical characteristics
Descriptions of mountains, rivers, beaches, animal and plant life
Human characteristics
Human designed cultural features of a place, transportation and communication networks
What do geographers focus on and what is the personality of geography
Place
Life layer
All places located in a space on the earth
4 systems that create our environment
Lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere
Lithosphere
Land layer
Hydrosphere
Water layer
Atmosphere
Air around us
Biosphere
Earths plant and animal life working together
Formal region
Certain characteristic is found throughout the area
Functional region
Have one central place and is surrounded by the areas it affects
Perceptual region
Regions that people perceive exists as a part of their cultural identity
Human environment interaction
People learn to use what the environment offers them and to change that environment to meet their needs (positive and negative)
Movement
Linear time and psychological
Most important tool to geographers
Map
Map
Flat diagram of all or parts of earths surface
A map maker
Cartographers
Distortion
Alteration of the original shape
Us geological survey
Largest employer of cartographers, produces all topographic maps of the us
Projection
Process of putting the features of a map onto a flat surface
Mercator projection
Shows true direction. Mostly used by navigators. Shows shape of water and land accurately
Flat plane projection
Used mapping the north and South Pole.shows true area but distorts shapes (azimuthal projection)
Robinson projection
Often used in world maps
Three categories of maps
General reference, thematic, navigational
Different graphs
Bar, line, pie, pictograph, climograph
How many languages are spoken today
3000-6500
Worlds most extensively spoken language
Indo European family
What are the languages in the romance branch
Spanish and French
Language with the most speakers in the world
Mandarin Chinese
Dialect
Regional variety of a language
What has English become
Lingua Franca- a language of trade and communication
Ethnic religion
Focus on one ethnic group and have not spread into other cultures
Animism
Special type of ethnic religion
Economic geography
Deals with how people earn a living and use resources
GNP gross national product
Total value of goods and services that a nation produces in a year
GDP gross domestic product
Includes only those goods and services created within a nation
Do poor countries have more rapid rates of population growth
Yes
The richer the country the more the population…
Consumes
Urbanization
How widespread is machine power in a nation
Economic geographers divide the world into how many groups
2
More developed
High standards of living, high GNP high GDP complex communication and transportation systems.
Less developed
Have lower standards of living low per capita GDP. Most people farm. Many don’t have electricity
Why do less developed countries have high birth rates
Many parents will have a lot of children for the expectation that some will die because there is a high infant mortality rate