geography test Flashcards
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key parts of earth
inner core, outer core , mantle and cruts
what is pangea
all continents on one big landmass
how has earth changed over time
pangea slowly moved apart to become seperate evidence of this is south america and africa
how do tectonic plates move
they move due to convection currents,gravity ridge push and slab pull
what is slab pull
when destructive plate boundries dense and older plates sink and pulld into mantle due to gravity
what is ridge push
a construcive plate boundries when plates move apart, magma rises and cools and hardens into rock
pointers why ppl live a risk of tectonic hazards
-volcanoes are tourist atrraction providing jobs
-mama causes good fertalisation making good crops
-minerals can help provide obs and can be mined to improve businesses and make money
what is subduction
one tectonic plate sinks beneath another
primary effects-
damage or impacts that r direct result of hazard
secondary effects-
impacts occured after hazard usually by primary effects.
immediate responce-
aid or assistence given within hours or minutes to reduce effect of hazard
long term responce-
actins took to reduce effect of hazard within months or days or years
case study date-
hunga tonga happened january 15 2022
bad effects due to earthquake and eruption-
loss of $90.4 million in economic damage
3 people dies
crops destroyed
56 houses desoyed
actions took (immediate)
-the goverment issues tsunami warning to move ppl from coastal parts
-loczls helped clear runways
-australian defense sent surveillance planes on 9th to assess damage
actions took (long term)
-world bank donated $8 million
-reconstruction start
what is aid
assistence and resources given from one country to another including food and money.
what is development
development is how advanced a country is socially,economically and technologically.
what is sustainable development
sustainable development satisfies basic social,economic and enviromental needs which are long term and have good impact on enviroment
How do we measure development
there is no single way to measure a county’s development so we measure using HDI’S(human development indicators) which help give people some idea of a country’s development
what is GNI and more detailed information
gross national income , the income made is divided by the people living per capita in a country
definition of gross national income
total value of products and services produces in a country and income from abroad
what is HDI and more info
Human development indicaters which measure from 0(least developed)-1(most developed)
what indicators does HDI measure
life expectancy, birth rate and death rate,literacy rate and GNI
What’s literacy rate and more info
literacy rate tells us how many people over the age of 15 can read and write. This helps us understand that how many children hen they grow up will be able to get a job
whats birth rate
how many babies born per 1000 per year
whats DTM
Demographic transition model
what does DTM show us
The model shows us how birth rate , death rate and overall size of population will change due to development
pointers why some countries are poorer than others
-colonisation effects developemt in many ways as colonisaton leads to power being used to vulnerable lengths such as terrorism leading to cilvil wars causing economic damage and extracting resources such as food,education liberal rights and eventually bad employment , all this leading to high death rate and reduced life expectancy aswell as bad literacy rate
-poor climate affects enviroment massively as it causes droughts,floods and we soil which prevents good crops from being grown which prevents economic development and reduces GNI too and could spread many diseases destroyed living standards.
who started goat aid
OXfam
where does oxfam sell goats
in villages in countries like malawi
advantages-
-goats reproduce and u can individally sell goats or produce even more food
-you can eat good for nutrition
-goats make meat and milk and cheese
-you can use for labour work and transportation
-manure can fertalise
disadvantages-
-veterinary care is expensive
-family will need training on how to look after goat
-family will have to provide additional resources like shelter and food
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temp of inner core
5,200
temp of outer core
4,500-5,500
temp of mantle-
500-900
what is cattle ranching
practise of raising herds on tracts of land for resources lie meat,diary and leather
why is ecotorism better than cattle-ranching
ecotourism is better because it can provide economic benefits to locals,raise awareness of nature,protects biodiversity and is sustainable
