Geography Test #1 Flashcards
What is Geography?
Geography is the study of the changing character of the earth’s surface (distribution of people and resources.
Geo = earth Graphy = to scribe
We make use of a collection of special maps that exist in our minds what we might call our ___________
Mental Maps
Your mental map of the house or apartment where you live is going to be ___________ than your mental map of New York City or New Zealand.
More precise
What is a Map?
A map is a representation of the earth’s feature on a flat surface; a diagram.
What are the six basic features of a Map?
titles : Identifies area shown or purpose or topic
legend :Explains symbols or colours
scale :Compares distances on maps to real life date :When it was published
directions :Shows north or latitude and longitude
boarders :Separates maps of different types
Explain Road Maps
Road Maps: Provide a variety of - such as roads, water bodies, parks, towns and cities. Give a broad understanding of the location and features of an area.
Explain Thematic Maps
Thematic Maps: provide information about one particular detail. E.g., vegetation, average household income, population.
Explain Topographic Maps
Topographic Maps: provide detailed information necessary for navigation /orientation. E.g. elevation (contour lines, grid system, natural and human-made features.
5 Themes of Geography
Location – Where is it?
____________: shown by an address or co ordinations (ex. 103 Malvern Dr., Ottawa, ON or 43 degrees N 79 Degrees
_________: shown where something is in relation to something else (ex. Next to Eden High School)
- Absolute Locations
2. Relative location
Place – What is it like?
______________: ex. California = sandy beaches, abundant sunshine, mountains, valleys.
__________: ex. Toronto = high population density, multicultural, technologically advanced.
- Physical characteristics
2. Human characteristics
Human-Environment Interaction:
This theme focuses on how people respond to and modify their environment.
List 3 questions to ask
- How have people changed the environment?
- Why have they changed the environment?
- What are the consequences of these changes?
Movement:
_________ and ___________ systems that link people and places.
Involves the movement of people, products, ideas and information.
Example: highways between Windsor and Quebec City.
- Transportation
2. Communication
What are Regions?
Regions: Areas on the surface of the Earth that are defined by certain unifying characteristics. These characteristics may be physical or human.
How many compass points are there on a rose? List and name them.
there are 16 compass points on compass rose North east south west (Cardinal Points)
8 minor compass points are NNE ENE ESE SSE SSW WSW WNW NNW
they are called sub ordinal points
What are Bearings?
Draw them
They are identified using degrees on a protractor.
Always read in a clockwise direction from 0 degrees to 360 degrees (N)
Cardinal Point Bearings: N 0 degrees or 360 degrees.
Sub Ordinal Points bearing: NNE= 22.5 degrees ENE= 67. ESE=112.5 degrees
Name all the provinces and territories and their capital cities.
Provinces and Territories:
- Alberta - Quebec
- British Columbia
- Saskatchewan
- Manitoba - Northwest -Territories
- New Brunswick - Nunavut
- Newfoundland - Yukon
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Prince Edward Island
2) Capital Cities: P
- Edmonton - Toronto
- Victoria - Charlottetown
- Winnipeg - Quebec City
- Fredericton - Regina
- St. John’s - Whitehorse
- Yellowknife - Iqaluit
- Halifax - Ottawa *
List all the lakes
- Great Bear Lake - Lake Huron
- Great Slave Lake - Lake Erie
- Lake Superior - Lake Ontario
- ## Lake Michigan - Lake Winnipeg
List all the rivers
- Mackenzie River
- Fraser River
- St. Lawrence River
List the Oceans
- Atlantic Ocean
- Pacific Ocean
- Arctic Ocean
List the Bays and seas
Bays: - Hudson Bay - Baffin Bay Seas: - Beaufort Sea - Labrador Sea
Scales Step One
Step 1:
Find the ratio scale on the map and copy it down.
1:1 000 000
Scales Step Two
Step 2:
Put the same units (centimetres) on both sides.
1 cm: 1 000 000 cm
Scales Step Three
Step 3:
Convert the right hand side to kilometres by dividing through by 100 000 (105). Hint: Move the decimal place five to the left.
1 cm: 10 km
Scales Step four
Step 4: Replace the ratio symbol with the word "represents". 1 cm represents 10 km REMEMBER: If the ratio scale from the map you are using does not have a 1 in the first place (i.e. 1:1 000 000) you must divide through to get the ratio into that form. Example: 2:500 000 Divide both sides by 2 to get 1:250 000
Where is the Tropic of Cancer?
Top horizontal Line
Where is the tropic of Capricorn
Bottom Horizontal line
Describe Latitude
Horizontal Lines
Describe Longitude
Vertical lines
Describe the prime Meridian
Middle vertical line(right in the middle/centre)
T/F: Latitude is written after longitude
F: Latitude is written first
How many time zones does Canada have name starting from the west
6: Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic and Newfoundland.
How do you remember the time zones?
Pink Monkeys Can’t Eat Any Nachos
How do you calculate time zones?
All the zones one hour apart except Newfoundland which is 2 hr and 30 mins
latitude uses west and east
longitude north south
