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Geography > Geography Terror 😊 > Flashcards

Geography Terror 😊 Flashcards

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1
Q

Striations

A

Scratches/parallel grooves on rock from moving ice like glacier/fault movement.

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2
Q

Drumlin

A

Hills of sediment that streamlined by glacier flow.

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3
Q

Weathering

A

Breaking down/dissolving of rocks/minerals on the earth. After erosion transports the rocks/minerals away.

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4
Q

Physical weathering

A

Breaks down rocks/minerals/soil, without changing chemical composition.

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5
Q

Biological weathering

A

Plants break up rocks with the roots/roots exudates

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6
Q

J. Tuzo Wilson

A

Sparked interest in the plate tectonics theory. He’s Canadian.

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7
Q

Chemical weathering

A

Chemicals from rainwater changing minerals in rocks.

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8
Q

Earths composition

A

Structure of the earth divided into four.

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9
Q

Crust

A

Rocky outer layer of Earth. Made of basalt/granite. Thinner under oceans.

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10
Q

Mantle

A

Rocky layer, under crust. Made up of mostly silicates. convection (heat) currents carry heat from hot inner mantle to cooler outer mantle.

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11
Q

Outer core

A

Molten rock iron-nickel layer surrounding inner core.

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12
Q

Inner core

A

Solid iron-nickel Center of Earth. Very hot and under great pressure.

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13
Q

Volcano’s

A

Opening/vents that lava/small rocks/steam erupt to earth’s surface surface.

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14
Q

Earthquake

A

Two blocks of earth suddenly slip past each other.

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15
Q

Pacific Ring of Fire

A

Pacific Ocean surrounds pacific plate. It’s the area the plates meet and there’s the weakness that caused earthquakes/volcanoes.

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16
Q

Intrusive Igneous Rock

A

Made from magma trapped deep in the earth.

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17
Q

Extrusive Igneous Rock

A

Made from magma that exits, cools above/near Earth’s surface.

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18
Q

Granite

A

Igneous rock made of mostly quartz/feldspar. It’s an intrusive rock.

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19
Q

Sandstone

A

Sedimentary rock made from grains of sand compacted/cemented over millions of years. The sands mostly made of quartz/feldspar that was worn off rocks, then grounded into pebbles.

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20
Q

Limestone

A

Sedimentary rock naturally in earth’s environment.

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21
Q

Magma

A

Molten rock that’s underground.

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22
Q

Lava

A

Magma (molten rock) coming out as liquid on Earth’s surface. Or solidified rock after cooling of molten lava flow.

23
Q

Glaciation

A

Buildup/movement of ice on Earth resulting in formations/scars left on the ground/mountain ranges.

24
Q

Moraines

A

Hills deposited when a glacier retreats. Made of rocks,sand,etc.

25
Q

Outwash (stratified drift)

A

Sediments laid down by glacier melt wash.

26
Q

Till

A

Material that is deposited directly by the ice.

27
Q

Erratics

A

Large, isolated boulders that were left behind by a glacier.

28
Q

Alfred Wegener

A

Proposed continental drift theory in 1912.

29
Q

5 pieces of evidence to support continental drift

A
  1. Jig-saw puzzle fit of continents
  2. Matching rocks/mountain belts
  3. Similar fossils on different continents
  4. Evidence of similar past climates
  5. Matching glacial deposits
30
Q

Pangaea

A

Super-continent which included all the earths landmasses.

31
Q

Folding

A

Bending/deformation of beds of rocks subjected to compressional forces.

32
Q

Faulting

A

Displacement/fracturing that happens between two portions of Earths crust.

33
Q

Big bang theory

A

15 billion years ago there was a giant release of energy. It threw gas/rocks/energy across the galaxy. Billions of years later matter slowed down. Material condensed into plants/suns. Scientists believe earth began 4.5-5 billion years ago.

34
Q

Continental drift

A

Movement of continents because of motion from tectonic plates.

35
Q

Plate tectonic theory

A

Suggests earths outer layer is divided in seven plates that go over earths Rocky inner layer above the soft core (mantle).

36
Q

Convection currents

A

Process of heat going from inner core to mantle, then cooling and going back down.

37
Q

Sea-floor spreading

A

Process where tectonic plates split from each other.

38
Q

Mid-Atlantic ridge

A

Mostly underwater mountain range in the Atlantic Ocean.

39
Q

Rift valley

A

Lowland regions formed when earths tectonic plates move apart/rift.

40
Q

Great African rift valley

A

Series of contiguous trenches. 7k kilometres approximately in length.

41
Q

Marianas trench

A

Deep-sea trench in the floor in the western North Pacific Ocean.

42
Q

Iceland

A

Large island located in northern Atlantic. Rugged landscape/scenery.

43
Q

Subduction

A

Ocean plate crashes into continental plate, slides under.

44
Q

Divergent plate boundary

A

Two tectonic plates move from each other.

45
Q

Transform plate boundary

A

Two plates slide past one another, horizontally.

46
Q

Convergent plate boundary

A

Area where 2+ lithosphere plates collide.

47
Q

Oceanic-continental

A

Ocean is denser, oceanic plate sinks beneath continental . Happens at ocean trench.

48
Q

Subduction zones

A

Where subduction takes place.

49
Q

Continental-continental

A

Collide and make mountains. Will not go underneath each other because of densities.

50
Q

Oceanic-oceanic

A

Collide, both are made of basaltic rock, older will go under younger because older is cooler which equals denser.

51
Q

San Andreas fault

A

Strike-slip boundary between two big plates of earth crust. Northern pacific (south/west) and North America (north/east)

52
Q

Oak ridges moraine

A

Thickest piece of glacial material in Ontario. Made 13k years ago during last ice age.

53
Q

Erosion

A

Materials are worn away and transported by natural forces.

Geography (1 decks)

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