geography - rocks Flashcards
geology map
Shows the location of different types of rock in an area.
what is cementation?
where new minerals stick the grains of a rock together – just like cement, It is like a glue.
what is a fossil?
The naturally preserved remains of plants or animals that are found in sedimentary rocks. Most are at least 10,000 years old.
what are sedimentary rocks?
Formed when sediments from eroded rocks are compressed and compacted, creating layers. Transported and deposited under the sea. e.g chalk limestone and sandstone. Can contain fossils.
what are igneous rocks?
“fire-made” rocks formed when magma cools, often contains crystals. e.g basalt, diorite and granite.
what are metamorphic rocks?
Started as igneous or sedimentary rock and formed when rock changes under heat & pressure. e.g slate, marble and schist.
what is compaction?
Sediments and grains are squashed tightly together because of the weight of layers, so are compacted.
What types of rock can be found in a house building
Concrete (foundations), bricks (wall), stone (wall), slate (roof)
What are the uses of rocks
Building materials, pottery, thermal energy
what are these materials made from?
Plaster
Concrete
mortar
plaster - mineral gypsum
concrete - crushed rock, cement, sand & gravel
mortar - sand and cement
what size of crystals are found in igneous rock
large crystals when magma cools slowly
small crystals when magma cools quickly
What are three examples for use of limestone
Neutralisation - making soils less acidic
Desulphurisation
Cement making
what are the three main types of rock
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Types of stones in N. Ireland
Co Antrim (Giants Causeway)
Co Fermanagh (Loughs)
Co Down (Mournes)
Co Armagh
Co L’Derry
Co Tyrone
Coastal (Antrim)
Co Antrim - Basalt
Co Fermanagh - Limestones
Co Down - Granite (Mournes) and Shale
Co Armagh - Shale
Co L’Derry - metamorphic
Co Tyrone - metamorphic
Coastal - chalk
what is an ammonite?
Related to the squids and octopuses with flat spiral shaped shell. It is made up of chambers -one used by the animal to live in and the others to help it float.
