Geography - River Processes

Question 1

What are the four different types of river erosion?

Answer 1

1. Vertical Erosion
2. Lateral Erosion
3. Hydraulic Action
4. Abrasion

These processes collectively contribute to the overall erosion caused by rivers.

Question 2

What is the primary effect of erosion by rivers?

Answer 2

Erosion wears away and removes loose material downstream

This process is crucial for shaping river landscapes and ecosystems.

Question 3

Where does vertical erosion primarily occur?

Answer 3

In the upper stages of the river

This type of erosion is typically associated with steep gradients.

Question 4

What is lateral erosion?

Answer 4

Erosion that happens in the middle stages of the river

It contributes to the widening of the river valley.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Rivers erode using four processes: _______.

Answer 5

[Vertical Erosion, Lateral Erosion, Hydraulic Action, Abrasion]

Understanding these processes helps in studying river dynamics.

Question 6

True or False: Rivers only erode material vertically.

Answer 6

False

Rivers use both vertical and lateral erosion to shape their paths.

Question 7

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 7

The process where water forces its way into cracks and crevices, leading to erosion

Question 8

What is abrasion in the context of river erosion?

Answer 8

The wearing away of the riverbed and banks due to the friction of sediment being carried by the river

Question 9

What effect does abrasion have on a river?

Answer 9

It can make the river wider and deeper

Question 10

What is attrition?

Answer 10

The process where rocks and sediment collide with each other, causing them to break down into smaller pieces

Question 11

What is solution/corrosion in river erosion?

Answer 11

A form of chemical erosion where chemicals in river water dissolve minerals in rocks, carrying them away in solution

Question 12

Fill in the blank: _______ is when chemicals in river water dissolve minerals in rocks.

Answer 12

Solution/corrosion

Question 13

What are the four different types of river transportation?

Answer 13

1. Traction
2. Saltation
3. Suspension
4. Solution

Question 14

What type of sediment transport involves the heaviest material?

Answer 14

Traction

Question 15

What is the process of medium-sized load transportation in rivers called?

Answer 15

Saltation

Question 16

Which type of river transport involves small particles like clay and silt?

Answer 16

Suspension

Question 17

What type of transport requires the least amount of energy?

Answer 17

Solution

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The type of transport that can take place in a river depends on the _______ of sediment.

Answer 18

[size]

Question 19

True or False: The amount of energy available in a river does not influence the type of sediment transport.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What is the movement of rocks dissolved in water called?

Answer 20

Solution

Question 21

In saltation, how does medium-sized load move along the river?

Answer 21

In a leap-frog motion

Question 22

What is required for traction to occur in river transportation?

Answer 22

The largest amount of energy

Question 23

Fill in the blank: Small particles are carried within the water above the river bed in _______.

Answer 23

[suspension]

Question 24

What is deposition in the context of river processes?

Answer 24

Deposition describes the dropping of material when a river no longer has sufficient energy to transport it.

Deposition occurs when the energy of the flowing water decreases, leading to the settling of sediments.

Question 25

What is the largest material that will be dropped first during deposition?

Answer 25

15 is the largest material that will be dropped first as it requires the most energy to be transported. ## Footnote This refers to the size of sediment particles, which influences their transport.

Question 26

Under what conditions can deposition occur in rivers?

Answer 26

Deposition can occur in: * Shallow water * Volume of water is dropped near the mouth of a river * Near waves ## Footnote These conditions lead to a decrease in the energy of the water flow.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: Deposition occurs when there is no longer _______ energy to transport material.

Answer 27

[sufficient] ## Footnote Sufficient energy is needed for the movement of sediments in a river.

Question 28

True or False: Deposition only occurs in deep water.

Answer 28

False ## Footnote Deposition can occur in shallow water as well.

Question 29

What is a drainage basin?

Answer 29

An area of land drained by a river and its tributaries ## Footnote A drainage basin collects precipitation and channels it into a river system.

Question 30

What is the boundary of a drainage basin called?

Answer 30

Watershed ## Footnote The watershed separates one drainage basin from another.

Question 31

What usually forms a watershed?

Answer 31

A range of hills or mountains (high ground) ## Footnote This high ground helps to direct the flow of water into the drainage basin.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The area where a river and its tributaries meet is called a _______.

Answer 32

Confluence ## Footnote The confluence is significant as it indicates where two water bodies join.

Question 33

What is the term for the point where a river flows into a sea or lake?

Answer 33

Mouth ## Footnote The mouth is where the river's flow ends and can influence the surrounding ecosystem.

Question 34

List the key features of a drainage basin.

Answer 34

* Source * Tributary * Watershed * Confluence * Mouth * Sea/Lake ## Footnote These features are essential in understanding how water moves through a landscape.

Question 35

What is the term for the area in which a river begins?

Answer 35

Sourcel ## Footnote Correct spelling: Source

Question 36

Where does a river end its journey?

Answer 36

Mouth ## Footnote The mouth of a river typically flows into a sea or a lake.

Question 37

What is a smaller river that joins a larger river called?

Answer 37

Tributary ## Footnote Tributaries contribute to the flow and drainage of larger rivers.

Question 38

What is the point at which two rivers join called?

Answer 38

Confluence ## Footnote Confluence is a significant geographical feature in river systems.

Question 39

What defines the boundary between two drainage basins?

Answer 39

Watershed ## Footnote A watershed is marked by a ridge of highland.

Question 40

What is the area that is drained by a river and its tributaries called?

Answer 40

Drainage basin ## Footnote Drainage basins are crucial for understanding river ecosystems.