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Geography > Geography - River Processes > Flashcards

Geography - River Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four different types of river erosion?

A
  1. Vertical Erosion
  2. Lateral Erosion
  3. Hydraulic Action
  4. Abrasion

These processes collectively contribute to the overall erosion caused by rivers.

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2
Q

What is the primary effect of erosion by rivers?

A

Erosion wears away and removes loose material downstream

This process is crucial for shaping river landscapes and ecosystems.

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3
Q

Where does vertical erosion primarily occur?

A

In the upper stages of the river

This type of erosion is typically associated with steep gradients.

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4
Q

What is lateral erosion?

A

Erosion that happens in the middle stages of the river

It contributes to the widening of the river valley.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Rivers erode using four processes: _______.

A

[Vertical Erosion, Lateral Erosion, Hydraulic Action, Abrasion]

Understanding these processes helps in studying river dynamics.

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6
Q

True or False: Rivers only erode material vertically.

A

False

Rivers use both vertical and lateral erosion to shape their paths.

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7
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

The process where water forces its way into cracks and crevices, leading to erosion

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8
Q

What is abrasion in the context of river erosion?

A

The wearing away of the riverbed and banks due to the friction of sediment being carried by the river

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9
Q

What effect does abrasion have on a river?

A

It can make the river wider and deeper

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10
Q

What is attrition?

A

The process where rocks and sediment collide with each other, causing them to break down into smaller pieces

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11
Q

What is solution/corrosion in river erosion?

A

A form of chemical erosion where chemicals in river water dissolve minerals in rocks, carrying them away in solution

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is when chemicals in river water dissolve minerals in rocks.

A

Solution/corrosion

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13
Q

What are the four different types of river transportation?

A
  1. Traction
  2. Saltation
  3. Suspension
  4. Solution
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14
Q

What type of sediment transport involves the heaviest material?

A

Traction

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15
Q

What is the process of medium-sized load transportation in rivers called?

A

Saltation

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16
Q

Which type of river transport involves small particles like clay and silt?

A

Suspension

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17
Q

What type of transport requires the least amount of energy?

A

Solution

18
Q

Fill in the blank: The type of transport that can take place in a river depends on the _______ of sediment.

A

[size]

19
Q

True or False: The amount of energy available in a river does not influence the type of sediment transport.

A

False

20
Q

What is the movement of rocks dissolved in water called?

A

Solution

21
Q

In saltation, how does medium-sized load move along the river?

A

In a leap-frog motion

22
Q

What is required for traction to occur in river transportation?

A

The largest amount of energy

23
Q

Fill in the blank: Small particles are carried within the water above the river bed in _______.

A

[suspension]

24
Q

What is deposition in the context of river processes?

A

Deposition describes the dropping of material when a river no longer has sufficient energy to transport it.

Deposition occurs when the energy of the flowing water decreases, leading to the settling of sediments.

25
Q

What is the largest material that will be dropped first during deposition?

A

15 is the largest material that will be dropped first as it requires the most energy to be transported.

This refers to the size of sediment particles, which influences their transport.

26
Q

Under what conditions can deposition occur in rivers?

A

Deposition can occur in:
* Shallow water
* Volume of water is dropped near the mouth of a river
* Near waves

These conditions lead to a decrease in the energy of the water flow.

27
Q

Fill in the blank: Deposition occurs when there is no longer _______ energy to transport material.

A

[sufficient]

Sufficient energy is needed for the movement of sediments in a river.

28
Q

True or False: Deposition only occurs in deep water.

A

False

Deposition can occur in shallow water as well.

29
Q

What is a drainage basin?

A

An area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

A drainage basin collects precipitation and channels it into a river system.

30
Q

What is the boundary of a drainage basin called?

A

Watershed

The watershed separates one drainage basin from another.

31
Q

What usually forms a watershed?

A

A range of hills or mountains (high ground)

This high ground helps to direct the flow of water into the drainage basin.

32
Q

Fill in the blank: The area where a river and its tributaries meet is called a _______.

A

Confluence

The confluence is significant as it indicates where two water bodies join.

33
Q

What is the term for the point where a river flows into a sea or lake?

A

Mouth

The mouth is where the river’s flow ends and can influence the surrounding ecosystem.

34
Q

List the key features of a drainage basin.

A
  • Source
  • Tributary
  • Watershed
  • Confluence
  • Mouth
  • Sea/Lake

These features are essential in understanding how water moves through a landscape.

35
Q

What is the term for the area in which a river begins?

A

Sourcel

Correct spelling: Source

36
Q

Where does a river end its journey?

A

Mouth

The mouth of a river typically flows into a sea or a lake.

37
Q

What is a smaller river that joins a larger river called?

A

Tributary

Tributaries contribute to the flow and drainage of larger rivers.

38
Q

What is the point at which two rivers join called?

A

Confluence

Confluence is a significant geographical feature in river systems.

39
Q

What defines the boundary between two drainage basins?

A

Watershed

A watershed is marked by a ridge of highland.

40
Q

What is the area that is drained by a river and its tributaries called?

A

Drainage basin

Drainage basins are crucial for understanding river ecosystems.

Geography (1 decks)

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