geography revision Flashcards
how are corries formed
snow falls into north facing hollow and compacts into ice.(1) This happens due to gravity and the weight of the ice. Plucking happens at the back of the hollow steeping it.(1)Abrasion deepens the hollow. after glaciation an armchair shape is left often with a corrie lochan in the hollow.
how are aretes formed
(add to corrie formation for arete formation)
-two back to back corries form a ridge called an arete
how are pyramidal peaks formed
(add to corrie formation for pyramidal peak formation)
-three back to back corries formed back to back make a pyramidal peak. freeze thaw creates a jagged edge
how are U shaped valleys formed
a glacier flows down the V of the valley where plucking steepens the sides of the valley. Abrasion deepens the valley
how are bays and headlands formed
bays are formed by differential erosion, where rocks along the coastline are formed in alternating rock types (eg sandstone and clay) abrasion hydraulic action and attrition erodes the bay with the soft rock eroding faster and the hard rock eroding slower causing the HR jutting out to sea as a headland
how are stacks formed
waves attack lines of weakness in the headland, erosion attacks these lines of weakness in the form of hydraulic action, abrasion and attrition. continuous erosion opens the crack to create a cave. the cave is hollowed out and pushed through to form an arch. The roof of the arch becomes unsupported and collapse. this leaves a free standing pillar of rock called a stack.
coastal deposition
longshore drift (L.S.D) pushes material along the beach this is when the wind blows the waves into the beach at an angle, waves pushed up beach called swash, waves moving back beach to sea called backwash,
how are spits formed
longshore drift (L.S.D) pushes material along the beach this is when the wind blows the waves into the beach at an angle, waves pushed up beach called swash, waves moving back beach to sea called backwash. Where the coast line changes direction LSD carries the material further into a bay where it is deposited. Sometimes the wind changes direction causing the spit to hook behind the spit. a salt marsh may form as it is sheltered there.
Formation of a sandbar
(mention formation of a spit then add this)
-because there is no river current the sand can be deposited right across the bay forming a bar from headland to headland.
farming land use
sheep farm on steep hills where crop machinery cannot be used and sheep can walk because they are sure footed and it is colder and sheep can use their coats to survive and the soil is thin and infertile. / crop farming in low valleys and flat ground because there is thick fertile soil and it is warmer so there is a longer growing season and machinery can be used.
recreational land use
corries and steep cliffs can be used for skiing and rock climbing and ice climbing, mountains can be used for hiking and mountain biking, rivers can be use for swimming, kayaking jet skiing or you could sail in a loch, forests can be used for seeing animals and deer stalking.
land use conflicts -tourists v farmers
p-dogs chase sheep cause miscarriage during breeding season s- signs can be put up telling tourists to keep their dog on the lead
p-stone walls are damaged by tourists climbing them s- install a stile
land use conflicts -locals v tourists
p- increased litter brings visual pollution
s-national park have removed litter bins in hope that people bring their litter home
p-footpath erosion causes visual pollution in popular walking areas, eg on the mountain Helvellyn
s- national park officers build stone path to reduce erosion and put up signs to get walkers to go on alternative paths.
