Geography Paper 1 (The Physical Environment)

Question 1

What are the three main types of rocks?

Answer 1

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

Question 2

True or False: The Earth’s crust is the outermost layer of the Earth.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces is called _____.

Answer 3

weathering.

Question 4

What is the primary agent of erosion?

Answer 4

Water.

Question 5

What type of plate boundary occurs where two tectonic plates move apart?

Answer 5

Divergent boundary.

Question 6

Which layer of the Earth is liquid?

Answer 6

Outer core.

Question 7

Multiple Choice: What type of rock is formed from cooled magma?

Answer 7

Igneous.

Question 8

What is the term for a large-scale movement of the Earth’s lithosphere?

Answer 8

Plate tectonics.

Question 9

True or False: Sedimentary rocks are formed from the compression of sediments.

Answer 9

True.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The process by which plants and animals break down rocks is called _____.

Answer 10

biological weathering.

Question 11

What is the name of the supercontinent that existed about 300 million years ago?

Answer 11

Pangaea.

Question 12

Multiple Choice: Which type of rock is characterized by layers?

Answer 12

Sedimentary.

Question 13

What is an earthquake?

Answer 13

A sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.

Question 14

True or False: The mantle is solid throughout.

Answer 14

False.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The point on the Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus is called the _____.

Answer 15

epicenter.

Question 16

What is the main cause of tsunamis?

Answer 16

Underwater earthquakes.

Question 17

Multiple Choice: Which layer is responsible for tectonic activity?

Answer 17

Asthenosphere.

Question 18

What is weathering?

Answer 18

The process of breaking down rocks at the Earth’s surface.

Question 19

True or False: The lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The movement of sediment from one place to another is known as _____.

Answer 20

transportation.

Question 21

What is a volcano?

Answer 21

An opening in the Earth’s crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases can escape.

Question 22

Multiple Choice: Which type of volcano is characterized by a broad, gently sloping cone?

Answer 22

Shield volcano.

Question 23

What is the Richter scale used for?

Answer 23

Measuring the magnitude of earthquakes.

Question 24

True or False: The focus of an earthquake is the point where the earthquake originates.

Answer 24

True.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The process of sediment being deposited in new locations is called _____.

Answer 25

sedimentation.

Question 26

What is a fault?

Answer 26

A fracture in the Earth's crust along which movement has occurred.

Question 27

Multiple Choice: Which type of rock forms from heat and pressure?

Answer 27

Metamorphic.

Question 28

What is the primary cause of weathering?

Answer 28

Environmental factors such as water, temperature, and biological activity.

Question 29

True or False: All earthquakes occur at plate boundaries.

Answer 29

False.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: A volcanic eruption that is explosive is typically associated with _____.

Answer 30

viscous magma.

Question 31

What is a sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation of organic material?

Answer 31

Coal.

Question 32

Multiple Choice: What type of boundary is formed when two plates collide?

Answer 32

Convergent boundary.

Question 33

What is the term for the gradual wearing away of the Earth's surface?

Answer 33

Erosion.

Question 34

True or False: Metamorphic rocks can be formed from igneous rocks.

Answer 34

True.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The process by which rocks are worn down by water, wind, and ice is called _____.

Answer 35

erosion.

Question 36

What is the main component of the Earth's core?

Answer 36

Iron and nickel.

Question 37

Multiple Choice: Which type of weathering involves chemical changes in the minerals of the rock?

Answer 37

Chemical weathering.

Question 38

What is a tsunami?

Answer 38

A series of ocean waves caused by large disturbances, such as earthquakes.

Question 39

True or False: All volcanic eruptions are dangerous.

Answer 39

False.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The layer of the Earth that is solid and brittle is called the _____.

Answer 40

lithosphere.

Question 41

What is a divergent boundary?

Answer 41

A tectonic plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.

Question 42

Multiple Choice: What type of volcano is known for its steep slopes and explosive eruptions?

Answer 42

Stratovolcano.

Question 43

What is the main process that shapes the Earth's surface?

Answer 43

Erosion and weathering.

Question 44

True or False: Sedimentary rocks can contain fossils.

Answer 44

True.

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other is known as a _____.

Answer 45

transform boundary.

Question 46

What is the role of vegetation in preventing erosion?

Answer 46

Roots help hold soil in place.

Question 47

Multiple Choice: What type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma?

Answer 47

Igneous rock.

Question 48

What is the term for the movement of tectonic plates over the Earth's surface?

Answer 48

Plate tectonics.

Question 49

True or False: The Earth's inner core is solid.

Answer 49

True.

Question 50

Fill in the blank: The process of the Earth's surface being shaped by natural forces is called _____.

Answer 50

geomorphology.

Question 51

What is the primary cause of landforms like mountains and valleys?

Answer 51

Tectonic activity.