Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > Geography Paper 1 > Flashcards

Geography Paper 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

Haiti Earthquake Magnitude

A

7.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Haiti Earthquake Death Toll

A

230,000 deaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Haiti Earthquake Homeless

A

Over 1 million people are left homeless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Haiti Earthquake Hospitals

A

25 Hospitals destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Haiti Earthquake Homes Destroyed

A

200,000 homes are destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When did the Haiti Earthquake occur

A

2010

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Haiti Earthquake recovery process

A

6 months after, 98% of the rubble still remained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Secondary Responses for the Haiti Earthquake

A

Many Donations, World Bank clears debt for 5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary responses for the Haiti Earthquake recovery

A

Field Hospitals, UN Officers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Christchurch Earthquake Magnitude

A

6.3 Magnitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What year was the Christchurch Earthquake

A

2011

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Christchurch Earthquake death toll

A

185 people dead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Christchurch Earthquake building collapses

A

CTV tower, only collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long were schools closed after Christchurch Earthquake

A

2 Weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Primary Effects of Christchurch Earthquake

A

185 dead
CTV collapse
Sinkholes
Rubble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Secondary Effects of the Christchurch Earthquake

A

2 week school closure
Domestic issues
Rugby World Cup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Christchurch Responses

A

Primary :
Chemical toilets
Temp Housing

Secondary :
Farmy Army
3 days to remove most of the rubble
Christchurch rebuilding system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hurricane Katrina Death Toll

A

1800 people died

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where did Hurricane Katrina hit

A

New Orleans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What Category did Hurricane Katrina hit at?
Size of storm surge

A

Category 5 over the Gulf of Mexico, hit land at Category 3
8 metre storm surge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happened due to Hurricane Katrina with water

A

80% of the city was underwater
40 days to clear the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How much did FEMA donate

A

$125bn was donated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Evacuation responses for Hurricane Katrina

A

Outbound Highway
Superdome
Black communities were poorly evacuated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do the 3D’s stand for

A

Planning
Protection
Prediction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Conservative plates

A

Convection currents in the mantle move the plates side by side, they get stuck, pressure begins to build and then they jerk free causing earthquakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Destructive plates

A

Convection currents move the plates towards each other, the oceanic plate subducts under the continental plate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Constructive Plates

A

Convection currents move the plates away from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How do Hurricanes form

A

At least 27c from solar heating, at a zone of low pressure over warm ocean water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Tropical Rainforest layers in the Forest

A

Emergents
Canopy
Under Canopy
Shrub layer
Floor

30
Q

Biotic and Abiotic factors

A

Biotic - living factors
Abiotic - Non living factors

31
Q

Producer

A

Uses sunlight to produce energy

32
Q

Consumer

A

Gets its energy from eating other organisms

33
Q

Decomposer

A

Gets its energy from breaking down dead material

34
Q

UK small scale ecosystem

A

Pond

35
Q

TRF climate

A

Hot and wet all year around
27c, 2c temp range
Very wet with 2000mm

36
Q

Biodiversity facts of the TRF

A

Very diverse
Very high biodiversity - about 50% of species
25% of drugs come from TRF
16% of Oxygen

37
Q

Road Developments through the Amazon

A

4000km, Transamazonian highway

38
Q

How much forest land lost per year

A

1.4 million hectares per year

39
Q

What is selective logging

A

Only some trees are cut down
Less damaging than clearing an entire area
Forest structure is maintained, allowing it to regenerate

Helicopter logging used in Malaysia

40
Q

What is Ecotourism

A

Minimises damage
Benefits the local people
Only a small number in the area at a time
Provides a source of income for locals
Raises awareness of conservation issues
People are employed in tourism, so don’t have to log or farm for money.

41
Q

Polar and Tundra Climate

A

Below freezing, can drop to -40c and even -90c
Warm months peak at 10c
Very low precipitation - less than 100mm a year
Seasons are well defined in both seasons

42
Q

Plants in Polar and Tundra regions

A

Very few plants
Low growing plants, hairs to insulate
Grow in typically warmer areas

43
Q

Soil in Polar and Tundra regions

A

Ice covers polar areas, no soil is exposed
Soil is then, acidic and not fertile
Permafrost year round, trapping greenhouse gas

44
Q

Animals in Polar and Tundra regions

A

Very low biodiversity, few species
Very interdependent

45
Q

Development opportunities in Alaska

A

Oil
Mining
Fishing
Tourism

46
Q

Oil facts in Alaska

A

90% of taxes comes from oil
800 mile pipeline, Prudhoe Bay to the port of Valdez
Sectioned pipeline, submerged pipeline or raised in areas

47
Q

Mining facts in Alaska

A

Gold, silver, iron ore, copper and bauxite

48
Q

Fishing facts in Alaska

A

1/10 employed
Fishing quotas to stop overfishing

49
Q

Tourism facts in Alaska

A

1 - 2 million tourists per year
Can’t walk or drive on land as it can have lasting impacts

50
Q

Building issues in Alaska

A

Working outside is very dangerous, so development is very limited
Daylight hours vary and can be limited
Very far away and remote, so hard to import goods
In winter, air is the only method of transport, due to ice roads
Very expensive to build

51
Q

Conservation methods in Alaska

A

Laws to protect the wilderness and environment
Building on gravel, to reduce melting permafrost
WWF pressures governments to protect environments

52
Q

Types of Mass Movement

A

Slides, Slumps, Rockfall

53
Q

What is a destructive wave?

A

High and steep
Backwash is more powerful than swash removes sediment from the coast

54
Q

What is a constructive wave?

A

Low and long
Swash is more powerful than backwash, sediment is deposited

55
Q

Processes of Erosion

A

HAAS
Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution

56
Q

What is Longshore Drift

A

Waves follow in the direction of the prevailing wind
Swash carries up the beach, backwash carries back down at 90 degrees

57
Q

What are the processes of transportation

A

Traction, Saltation, Suspension, Solution

58
Q

What is deposition

A

Water carrying sediment, loses energy and drops the sediment
The material is dumped and left behind

59
Q

Concordant vs Discordant

A

Concordant - bands of soft and hard are horizontal
Discordant - bands of soft and hard are vertical

60
Q

How is a headland and bay formed

A

Discordant coastline
Soft rock is eroded much faster, forming a bay
Causing hard rock to stick out

61
Q

How are Caves, Arches and Stacks formed

A

Crack first, causing a cave, causing an arch, causing a stack then a stump.

62
Q

How are wave cutch platforms and notches formed

A

Waves cause erosion at the base of the cliff face
This forms a notch
The eroded material is then pulled away, leaving a wave cut platform

63
Q

Landforms due to deposition

A

Spits, Bars, Sand dunes

64
Q

How is a sand dune formed

A

Obstacles such as driftwood decrease wind speed, leaving sand to be deposited, forming embryo dunes
These embryo dunes have plants grow, trapping more sand to accumulate. Marram grass roots stabilise the dune as well
New dunes begin to form in front of these established dunes

Dune slacks also appear - the dip between dunes

65
Q

Which coastline is studied

A

Holderness coast

66
Q

Rock types on the Holderness Coast

A

Boulder clay, which easily slumps when it becomes wet

67
Q

Hard Management strategies along the Holderness Coast

A

Mappleton - Groynes
Spurn head - protected by groynes and rock armour

68
Q

Hard Engineering Coastal Strategies

A

Sea Walls
Rock Armour
Gabions
Groynes

69
Q

Soft Engineering Coastal Strategies

A

Beach Nourishment
Reprofiling
Dune Nourishment
Managed Retreat

70
Q

Why did the Holderness coast need protecting

A

Soft Rocks
Narrow Beaches
Fastest receding in Europe
Man-made structures
Powerful destructive waves with a long fetch
B1242
25% of gas pumped in at Easington

71
Q

How are Ox-Bow lakes

A

Bends get closer due to erosion
River breaks through
Deposition cuts off the meander, forming the Ox-Bow lakes

Geography (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions