geography paper 1

Question 1

asthenosphere

Answer 1

the semi-molten layer at the top of the mantle which flows die to convection currents, moving the solis lithosphere above.

Question 2

atmospheric circulation

Answer 2

the general movemnets of air around the Earth due to pressure and temprature

Question 3

climate change

Answer 3

a distante change in global or regional patterns of climate, such as changes in temprature or precipitation patterns.

Question 4

conservative plate boundary

Answer 4

a plate boundary where two plates are moving alongside each other

Question 5

contionental crust

Answer 5

the thicker, less dense crust that makes up the contintinents

Question 6

convection currents

Answer 6

The movement of a fluid caused be a diffrent in temprature or densitry

Question 7

convergant plate boundary

Answer 7

A plate boundary where two plate are moving towards each other

Question 8

coriolis effect

Answer 8

the effect of the earths rotation on wind movements

Question 9

cyclone

Answer 9

a tropical cyclone that hits ocenaia or madagascar

Question 10

divergent plate boundary

Answer 10

a plate boundary where two plates are moving away from each other

Question 11

eccentricity

Answer 11

a changing of the orbit of the earth around the sun from a circular shape to an allipse

Question 12

eye

Answer 12

An area of a tropical cyclose with extremly low pressurees and calm conditions

Question 13

eyewall

Answer 13

an area of tropical cyclone with the most intense, powerful winds and torrential rain.

Question 14

ferrel cell

Answer 14

At around 60 degrees either side of the equator moist air rises, and travels to lower latitudes at around 30 degrees where it sinks along with air travelling form the equator

Question 15

fossile fules

Answer 15

fuels made up of the remains of organic materials, such as oil, coal and gas

Question 16

geological hazard

Answer 16

a hazard caused by processes on the land

Question 17

greenhouse gases

Answer 17

gases in the earth atmosphere that trap energy in the Earth’s system and contribute to the greenhouse effect (carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour, and nitrous oxides)

Question 18

hadley cell

Answer 18

At the equator, hot moist air rises, moves to higher latituedes (30 degrees) and sinks

Question 19

hazard risk

Answer 19

the probability that a naturlal hazard will negatvley affect a popultion

Question 20

hotspot

Answer 20

an area where unusually hot magma breaks through the middle of a plate and travels up to the surface, creating a volcano

Question 21

hurricane

Answer 21

a tropical cyclone

Question 22

ice core

Answer 22

A cylinder of ice extracted form an ice sheet or glacier, which is used to analyse past enviromental conditions

Question 23

immediate response

Answer 23

Actions taken as soon as the hazard happens and in its immediate aftermath (hours, days and potentially a week or so after the event)

Question 24

inner core

Answer 24

A solid ball of iron/nickel at the Earths center. Radioactive decay within the inner core provided Earths internal energy

Question 25

inter-tropical convergnce zone (ITCZ)

Answer 25

an area surrounding the equator where global winds converge, causing an area of low pressure with rainy conditions

Question 26

liithosphere

Answer 26

Solid rock that lies on top of the asthenosphere. The top of the lithosphere is the crust, which is broken up into tectonic plates

Question 27

long termm responses

Answer 27

actions taken after the immediate responses when the effects of the hazard have been minimised (weeks, months, and years after the event)

Question 28

magma

Answer 28

molten rock found beneath the Earth’s surface

Question 29

mantle

Answer 29

The area underneath the crust which contains magma

Question 30

milankovitch cycles

Answer 30

The cyclical varitations in the Earth’s orbit around hte sun

Question 31

natural hazard

Answer 31

A naturally occouring event that is a threat to a population

Question 32

obliguily (or axiel tilt)

Answer 32

The tilt of the Earth’s axis, which changed form 21.5 and 24.5

Question 33

ocean currents

Answer 33

The predictable, continuious circulation of ocean water which transfers heat around the globe

Question 34

oceanic crust

Answer 34

The thinner, denser crust makes up the oceanic floor

Question 35

outer core

Answer 35

A molten later of iron and nicjel that surrounds the inner core and transfers energy by convection currents

Question 36

plate boundary

Answer 36

the point at which two plates meet

Question 37

polar cell

Answer 37

At 60 degrees north or south of the equator, moist air rises, and travels to the poles (90 degrees), where it sinks

Question 38

precession

Answer 38

the point at which two plates meet

Question 39

pressure belt

Answer 39

A region of the Earth which is generally nder the same pressure

Question 40

Primary effects

Answer 40

The effects are directly caused by hazard itself