Geography paper 1

Question 1

What’s a natural hazard?

Answer 1

Natural process which can cause death, injury or disruptions to humans.

Question 2

What’s a natural disaster?

Answer 2

Natural hazard which has already happened

Question 3

What are geological hazards?

Answer 3

Caused by land and tectonic processes

Question 4

What are meteorological hazards?

Answer 4

Caused by weather and climate

Question 5

Human factor affecting risk of hazards?

Answer 5

Population, HIC OR LIC, How country cope with events

Question 6

Natural factor affecting risk of hazards?

Answer 6

Type of hazard
Frequency and magnitude of hazard
physical geography of area

Question 7

Primary affects of natural hazards

Answer 7

Buildings and roads destroyed
Deaths and injury
Crop/water supply damaged or contaminated

Question 8

Secondary responses of natural hazard

Answer 8

Initial hazard can cause others
emergency aid unable to go through
lack of clean water
economy weakened

Question 8

Immediate response to natural hazard

Answer 8

Evacuate people
Help injured
Temporary food and water supply
Foreign government aid

Question 9

What’s the Earth’s crust?

Answer 9

The outer layer of earth

Question 10

What’s the earth inner core?

Answer 10

Middle of the earth made of iron and nickel and is solid

Question 10

What’s the Earth’s outer core?

Answer 10

Surrounds the inner layer. Liquid made of silver and nickel

Question 11

What’s the mantle?

Answer 11

Thickest section of earth made of magma

Question 11

What’s the crust split into?

Answer 11

Tectonic Plates

Question 11

Different tectonic plates

Answer 11

Continental :Thicker but less dense
Oceanic: Thinner but less dense

Question 12

What’s ridge push?

Answer 12

New crust formed at divergent plate boundaries is less dense causing oceanic ridges. The seafloor beside the ridges move apart moving the tectonic plates

Question 13

What are the different plate margins?

Answer 13

Destructive - Move towards eachother
Constructive - Move away from each other
Conservative - Move side by side

Question 14

What can be formed at plate margins?

Answer 14

Volcanoes or mountains due to heat and pressure

Question 15

Advantages of living by plate margins?

Answer 15

Land is cheap, gives valuable minerals and tourism

Question 16

What plate margins are volcanoes formed?

Answer 16

Destructive and constructive

Question 17

Destructive volcano boundaries

Answer 17

Oceanic is denser so it sinks beneath the continental into the mantle
Due to heat and pressure, it melts into the magma
Magma then rises through vents
This forms destructive volcanoes

Question 18

Constructive volcanoes formation?

Answer 18

Two plates move apart
Magma rises to fill the gap
Shield volcano formed

Question 19

Steps to global atmospheric circulation?

Answer 19

Air rises at equator, leading to low pressure and rainfall
Air reach edge of atmosphere and travels north or south
Air becomes colder and denser creating high pressure and dry conditions at 30o north and south
Large cells or air are created
Air rises again at 60 north and south and descends at 90

Question 19

What global atmospheric circulation?

Answer 19

Transfer of heat from the equator to the poles by movement of air

Question 20

What does global atmospheric circulation do?

Answer 20

Creates winds across the planet
Lead to area of high rainfall like tropical rainforests

Question 21

First steps to the Hadley cell?

Answer 21

At the equator, the ground is intensely heated by the sun causing air to rise which creates a low pressure zone. As air rises it cools and forms thick storm clouds. continues to rise up

Question 22

second step to formation of Hadley cell

Answer 22

Air seperate and start to move north and south toward poles
When reaching 30 north and south air cools and sinks forming subtropical high pressure zone
As air sinks becomes drier and warmer forming area of little cloud

Question 22

The ferrel cell formation