Geography Mock

Question 1

Human Factors Affecting Uneven Devevolpment: History

Answer 1

. Colonialism has helped Europe develop, but slowed sown development in many other countries
. Countries that went through industrialisation a while ago, have now develop further

Question 2

The demographic transition model

Answer 2

Stage 1:
. High DR
. High BR
. Steady
E.g. Tribes
Stage 2:
BR Low 
Declining DR
Very High
E.g. Kenya 
Stage 3:
Rapidly falling DR
Low BR
High
E.g. India
Stage 4:
Low DR
Low BR
Zero
E.g. UK
Stage 5:
Slowly falling DR
Low BR
Negative e.g. Japan

Question 3

Reducing the Global Development Gap: Fair trade

Answer 3

This is a movement where farmers get a fair price for the goods produced
+ Paid fairly so they can develop schools & health centres
- Only a tiny proportion of the extra money reaches producers

Question 4

Nigeria location and importance:

Answer 4

Nigeria is an NEE in West Africa. Nigeria is just north of the equator and experiences a range of environments.
Nigeria is the most populous and economically powerful country in Africa. Economic growth has been based on oil exports.

Question 5

Nigeria Political influence on development

Answer 5

. Suffered instability with a civil war between 1967-1979.
. From 1999, the country became stable with free and fair elections. Stability has encouraged global investment from China and USA.

Question 6

Nigeria social influence on development

Answer 6

. Nigeria is a multi-cultural, multi-faith society

. Although mostly a strength, diversity has caused regional conflicts from groups such as the Boko Haram terrorists

Question 7

Nigeria cultural influence on development

Answer 7

. Nigeria’s diversity has created rich and varied artistic culture
. Country has a rich music, literacy and film industry (i.e. Nollywood)
. A successful national football side

Question 8

Nigeria industrial structure

Answer 8

. Once mainly based on agriculture, 50% of its economy is now manufacturing and services
. A thriving manufacturing industry is increasing foreign investment and employment opportunities

Question 9

Nigeria: role of TNCs

Answer 9

TNCs such as Shell have played an important role in its economy
+ investment has increased employment and income
- Profits move to HICs
- Many oil spills have damaged fragile environments

Question 10

Nigeria: Changing relationships

Answer 10

. Nigeria plays a leading role with the African Union and UN
. Growing links with China with huge investment in infrastructure
. Main import includes petrol from the EU, cars from Brazil and phones from China

Question 11

Nigeria: environmental impacts

Answer 11

. The 2009/09 oil spills devastated swamps and its ecosystems
. Industry has caused toxic chemicals to be discharged in open sewers - risking human health
. 80% of forest has been cut down - increasing CO2 emissions

Question 12

Nigeria: Aid & debt relief

Answer 12

+ receives $5 billion per year in aid
+ Aid groups (AnctionAid) have improved health centres, provided anti-mosquito nets and helped to protect people against AIDS/HIV
- Some aid fails to reach the people who need it due to corruption

Question 13

Nigeria effects of economic development

Answer 13

. Life expectancy has increased from 46 to 53 years
. 64% have access to safe water
. Typical schooling years has increased 7 to 9

Question 14

Causes of economic change: UK

Answer 14

. De-industrialisation and the decline of UK’s industrial base
. Globalisation has meant many industries have moved overseas, where labour costs are lower
. Government investing in supporting vital businesses

Question 15

Towards Post Industrial: UK

Answer 15

. The quaternary industry has increased whilst secondary has decreased
. Numbers in primary and tertiary industry have stayed steady
. Big increase in professional and technical jobs

Question 16

Empire: what is the point?

Answer 16

. To make money through trading and getting access to new markets
. To build global influence so they could compete with each other
. To gain power - these countries were in competition with each other
. To access raw materials and labour - resource grabbing

Question 17

Information technology

Answer 17

. IT has developed hugely and significantly altered the type and location of jobs and businesses in the UK
. Many businesses today can be described as FOOTLOOSE because of this

Question 18

Footloose

Answer 18

Industries that don’t need raw materials and make use of information technologies to locate anywhere

Question 19

Boom in services

Answer 19

The tertiary (service sector) has recently evolved further into a quaternary sector, focussed in information and new ideas.

This quaternary sector accounts for around 15% of UK jobs and is often referred to as the “knowledge economy”.

The boom in the tertiary and quaternary sector is accounted for largely by a rise in:

Information technology
Service industries
Finance
Research