Geography London regeneration

Question 1

Deprivation

Answer 1

. 16% of Londoners are in the poorest 10th nationally

. Poorest 80% share all 20% of all assets

. Standard of living below that of majority of people, with a lack of resources

.

Question 2

Inequalities in housing + education

Answer 2

. People pay half there weekly wage on their rent

. Housing prices in London are higher than in any other part of the country

. Generally in London the poorest areas score the lowest GCSE points per pupil

Question 3

Inequalities in health + employment

Answer 3

. People in areas off wealth generally live longer than those in poorer areas

. London employment rate was just 67.5% in 2011 compared to the average of 70.3% for the uk

. Unemployment rate was 10% compared to 8.4% for the Uk

Question 4

Urban decline + derelict buildings

Answer 4

. The deterioration of the inner city causes by a lack of maintenance + investment

Question 5

Redeveloping Brownfield sites

Answer 5

. There is a sizeable supply of brownfield land in London which remains untouched

. There are 250 hectares of brownfield sites, equivalent to the area just short of the size of Hyde park

. Up to 50,000 new London homes are to be built on 20 brownfield sites in a scheme worth £400 million

Question 6

Building greenfield sites

Answer 6

. Term used to describe any area of land that has not been developed on previously

. Building in the greenfield belt on undeveloped land is a very controversial issue. As people want to live on the edges of the cities. Also that the land is cheaper and more accessible, this attracts height tech companies/industries

Question 7

Waste disposal

Answer 7

. London produces huge amounts of waste. It uses a mixture of recycling landfill to deal with this waste

Question 8

Atmospheric pollution

Answer 8

. `London suffers from atmospheric pollution mainly due to the size of the city, a dense road network with 800,000 commuters per day into the city. Make it the most polluted place in the uk

. Toxins produced are
. Nitrous oxides
. Carbon dioxide
. Methane

Question 9

Urban sprawl

Answer 9

. The edges of the cities are called the rural - urban fringe. There has been increasing building in these areas due to increased housing pressure. Despite its not allowed and against the law. When cities grow our wards into these regions its called urban sprawl which can cause traffic and environmental issues

Question 10

Describe the positive effects of international migration on a major city in the UK

Answer 10

.Migration has added to the number of skilled workers competing for jobs which benefits companies looking to recruit
* Migrants contributed £20 billion to the UK’s public finances between 2000 and 2011
* London is one of the most culturally diverse cities in the UK. Migrants have brought different types of entertainment, clothing and foods

Question 11

Outline three social opportunities resulting from urban change in a major city in the UK.

Answer 11

London has a huge range of recreational opportunities including shopping areas, theatres and restaurants
* London regularly hosts world-class sporting events
* Entertainment options have created many jobs for people
* London is well connected with an integrated transport systems including the underground buses, Tramlink and Docklands Light Railway

Question 12

Outline a social, economic and environmental challenge resulting from urban growth in a major city in the UK.

Answer 12

Economic
* Urban deprivation is high with 27% of the population living in poverty (compared to 20% for the rest of England)
* Deprivation is increasing gin the outer boroughs as affordable housing in inner London is getting harder to find
Social
* London’s unemployment rate is is still higher than the UK average
* There are inconsistencies in the quality of healthcare
* The city is struggling to provide enough school places * Rising housing costs are reducing living standards Environmental
* Recycling rates are lower than anywhere else in the country * Many buildings in East London have become derelict due to
de-industrialisation
* Development of brownfield sites is expensive

Question 13

Describe the negative effects of international migration on a major city in the UK.

Answer 13

Population growth has led to housing shortages, which local authorities and the government is struggling to address
* There are social and racial tension between some migrants and locals
* Increased pressure is being put on London’s schools with a shortage of places in some areas
* Increased competition for jobs which

Question 14

Give three examples of sustainable urban living.

Answer 14

Examples of sustainable urban living strategies include:
* Creating green space
* Waste recycling
* Conserving energy and water * Urban transport strategies

Question 15

Give two negative impacts of urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe of a city you have studied.

Answer 15

• Public transport is worse in rural areas, so there are more cars on the road.
• Increase in urban sprawl
• Land is unlikely to return to countryside once it
  is built on
• Valuable farmland or land used for recreation
  can be lost
• Natural habitats may be destroyed

Question 16

Give two positive impacts of urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe of a city you have studied.

Answer 16

• House prices can increase for those already living in the rural-urban fringe
• Increase in services to meet the needs of the growing population such as schools and healthcare
• Cultural diversity could increase
• The transport infrastructure could be improved
  to meet the needs of the growing population

Question 17

Outline three economic opportunities resulting from urban change in a major city in the UK.

Answer 17

• London generates 22% of the UK’s GDP
• Housing in London’s top 10 boroughs are
  worth more than those in Northern Ireland,
  Scotland and Wales combined
• Over 200,000 start-up companies were
  established in 2015
• London’s transport network and connections
  allow the free-flow of goods and services
• London attracts educated graduates from
  around to work to take up jobs in research and development, finance and education who pay taxes to the UK government

Question 18

Opportunities in London

Answer 18

. Cultural mix
. Integrated transport systems
. Recreation and entertainment
. Employment
. Urban greening

Question 19

Advantages of building on greenfield sites

Answer 19

1) There is no need to clean up the site from previous land uses therefore can work out cheaper.
2) Existing road networks are not in place so don’t restrict planning
3) They are often on the edges of cities where land is cheaper
4) Planners and architects have a blank canvas to work with
5) More space is available for gardens
6) The edge of city countryside environment can appeal to buyers and businesses.
7) Sites on the edge of the city are often close to major motorways providing great access

Question 20

Advantages of building on brownfield sites

Answer 20

1) It is more sustainable as existing developed land is being used
2) They stop city expansion as they are already within the city - this stops the loss of countryside and reduces journey times as the city is more compact
3) Road networks already exist, as do electricity and gas networks, although these may need updating
4) It is easier to gain planning permission as councils are keen to reuse the brownfield sites.
5) The sites are closer to the CBD for shopping and job opportunities