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Geography Grade 9 > Geography Interaction in Physical > Flashcards

Geography Interaction in Physical Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the first geological era?

A

Precambrian

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2
Q

Which era does the formation of the Canadian Shield belong to?

A

Precambrian

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3
Q

What is a landform?

A

An Earth surface feature with a distinct set of characteristics (plains, mountains)

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4
Q

What landforms does Canada have?

A

Lowlands, Highlands, Shield

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5
Q

Name all the Lowlands

A

Hudson’s Bay Lowlands, Arctic Lowlands, Interior Plains, Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands

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6
Q

Which landform region do we live in

A

St. Lawrence Lowlands

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7
Q

Name the Highlands!

A

Appalachian Mountains, Innuitian Mountains, Western Cordillera

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8
Q

Don’t forget the Canadian Shield

A

Okay lol

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9
Q

What are visual of Canadian Shield

A

Old rock that has been worn down, mostly covered in forested area

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10
Q

Uses of Canadian Shield?

A

Important source of metallic minerals such copper, silver and gold. Mining. Camping, Hiking, Cottaging

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11
Q

Where is the Canadian Shield

A

Makes a target around Hudson’s Bay under

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12
Q

What is the Interior Plains like visually?

A

Lots of flat/farmland, much grass and rich soil

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13
Q

Which Landform Region is best for skiing?

A

Western Cordillera

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14
Q

What is the Interior Plains used for?

A

Agriculture! And mining. Mostly plants like wheat and barley grown here.

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15
Q

St. Lawrence Lowlands visuals?

A

Rolling hills and flat plains

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16
Q

Use of St. Lawrence Lowlands?

A

Industry, tourism, farming (fruits!)

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17
Q

Where is the Interior Plains

A

NE-Alberta, NWT, S-Saskatchewan, SW-Manitoba

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18
Q

Where is the St. Lawrence Lowlands?

A

By Québec City and the very bottom (sort of tail end) of Ontario

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19
Q

What is the Arctic Lowlands visually like?

A

Snow-capped, no trees, permafrost, rock

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20
Q

Hudson’s Bay Lowlands visual?

A

Flat wetland area, very swampy, many ponds

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21
Q

Where is the Hudson’s Bay/Arctic Lowlands

A

Ont, Que, and Manitoba under Hudson’s Bay / Nunavut - Arctic

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22
Q

What is the Hudson’s Bay and Arctic Lowlands used for

A

Mining, water, hydroelectricity, fishing, great habitat for wildlife

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23
Q

Appalachian Mountains visually?

A

Very forested, mountains, river valleys, low rolling hills

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24
Q

Innuitian Mountains visually?

A

Lack of plants, snow covered, permafrost, rocky, mountains, glaciers

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25
Q

Western Cordillera visually?

A

High jagged mountains, forested, valleys, grasslands

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26
Q

Where is Appalachian Mountains

A

SE Provinces, Newfoundland, PEI, NB, NS, Que

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27
Q

Where us Innuitian Mountains

A

Far NE Nunavut

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28
Q

Where is the Western Cordillera

A

West coast of Yukon, BC and part of NWT + Alberta

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29
Q

Use of Appalachian Mountains

A

Mining (coal rich place), oil, and tourism

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30
Q

Use of Innuitian Mountains

A

Fishing, mining, fur trade, hunting, tourism

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31
Q

Use of Western Cordillera

A

Skiing, snowboarding, mining, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism

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32
Q

Second geo era?

A

Paleozoic

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33
Q

Longest geo era

A

Precambrian

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34
Q

Shortest geo era

A

Current, Cenozoic

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35
Q

3rd geo era

A

Mesozoic

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36
Q

4th geo era

A

Cenozoic

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37
Q

How many geological eras are there?

A

Four! Guess: PrC, Pal, Mes, Cen

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38
Q

Which era did bacteria form?

A

Precambrian

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39
Q

Approx how old Earth is?

A

4.5 Billion years

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40
Q

When did Canadian Shield form geo era?

A

Precambrian

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41
Q

Name a big event of the Precambrian era

A

Canadian Shield and bacteria forms

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42
Q

Paleozoic events?

A

Formation of Appalachian Mountains, first plants and animals appear on land

43
Q

Geo era the formation of the Appalachian Mountains occur?

A

Paleozoic

44
Q

What era do plants and animals 1st appear on land

A

Paleozoic

45
Q

Oldest landform region?

A

Canadian Shield

46
Q

Events of the Mesozoic era?

A

Formation of Western Cordillera, Innuitian Mountains, and age of the reptiles

47
Q

3rd oldest era

A

Mesozoic

48
Q

When era does the Western Cordillera form

A

Mesozoic

49
Q

What era does the Innuitian Mountains form

A

Mesozoic

50
Q

When did the age of reptiles occur

A

Mesozoic era

51
Q

4th oldest era?

A

Cenozoic

52
Q

How old is cenozoic (1, 2, 3..)

A

4th oldest current

53
Q

Events of the Cenozoic era?

A

2 Million year ice age! Age of the mammals!

54
Q

Which era did the age of mammals occur?

A

Cenozoic

55
Q

What era did the age of mammals occur?

A

Cenozoic :)

56
Q

What layer of the earth do we live on?

A

The crust!

57
Q

Which Earth layer does convection currents occur?

A

Mantle

58
Q

What is the crust?

A

Solid layer of rock between 3 and 30 miles on the surface of the planet

59
Q

What is the mantle

A

Semi liquid layer of molten rock/magma that moves bc of convection currents

60
Q

What is convection currents

A

The mechanism by which the tectonic plates move was connected to the movement of the liquid rock in the mantle

61
Q

Outer core what is it

A

This a liquid part of the core that has a similar composition to the inner core

62
Q

Inner core what is it

A

Solid part of Earth’s middle. It is made of iron and nickel and reaches 5500°C

63
Q

What is Pangea?

A

all the contentients were once together in a supercontient called Pangea

64
Q

Who brought up Pangea?

A

Alfred Wegener

65
Q

What suggested that Pangea happened

A

Convection currents✨️

66
Q

What were the 4 proofs that proved Pangea called

A

Continental Drift

67
Q

What is proof 1 of Pangea

A

Puzzle Pieces

68
Q

What is the puzzle piece Pangea proof

A

It was observed that South America and Africa fit together like a puzzle piece suggesting they were once together.

69
Q

Proof 2 of Pangea?

A

Fossil evidence!

70
Q

What is the fossils proof of Pangea

A

Fossils from the same species were found on diffient continents (especially ones that shouldn’t be able to go across water a long and deep distance)

71
Q

Proof 3 of Pangea?

A

Ice!

72
Q

What is the ice part of Pangea proof?

A

Evidence was found to support that some land was once in the Antarctic region.

73
Q

Proof on Pangea 4 what is it called?

A

Rock formations!!

74
Q

What is the rock formation proof of Pangea?

A

Geologic comparison found the same rock formations across continents

75
Q

How many tectonic plates make up the Earth’s crust

A

7 major plates!

76
Q

How many ways do tectonic plates move?

A

3 ways, plus a small extra so sort of 4

77
Q

What is it called when tectonic plates slide past each other?

A

Transform

78
Q

What natural disaster is caused by transformation of tectonic plates

A

Earthquakes

79
Q

What is it called when tectonic plates pull apart

A

Diverge

80
Q

What event is caused by divergence of tectonic plates

A

Creation of new land and can cause earthquakes

81
Q

What’s it called when tectonic plates push together?

A

Converge

82
Q

What event is caused by convergence of plates

A

Causes mountain formation, volcanic activity and earthquakes

83
Q

What are the types of plate converge?

A

Subduction and Collision

84
Q

What is converge - subduction

A

Oceanic plates slide under continental plates. Earthquakes can happen at these subduction zones.

85
Q

What is converge - collision

A

Two continental plates collide resulting in rocks being folded and forced upwards. This type of movement results in the formation of new mountain ranges.

86
Q

What is weathering?

A

is the process where large rocks are broken down into smaller ones.

87
Q

What is erosion?

A

The wearing down and transport of weathered material by natural forces

88
Q

The process where large rocks are broken down into smaller ones is?

A

Weathering

88
Q

The wearing down and transport of weathered material by natural forces is?

A

Erosion

89
Q

What are the types of weathering

A

Mechanical and Chemical

90
Q

What is mechanical weathering

A

friction from wind, water, ice

91
Q

What is chemical weathering

A

chemical actions such as oxidation, acid rain, and salt

92
Q

Is salt a form of mech or chem weathering?

A

Chemical

93
Q

Is ice a form of mech or chem weathering?

A

Mechanical

94
Q

How long ago did the ice age happen?

A

Around 18,000 years ago

95
Q

How did glaciers impact Canada?

A

Snow building up several km thick, most of Canada was covered in glaciers. The melt of the ice age is a HUGE source of our abundant fresh water

96
Q

Name(s) of the major ice sheets that covered Canada?

A

The Cordilleran ice sheet and the Laurentide ice sheet

97
Q

MOST major Canadian ice sheet?

A

The Laurentide ice sheet

98
Q

Types of Glaciers?

A

Continental and Alpine

99
Q

How does a continental glacier affect land

A

It smoothens out the features

100
Q

How does an alpine glacier affect land

A

It sharpens features

101
Q

What is a continental glacier

A

Covers entire continents or a large part of one, relatively flat

102
Q

What is an Alpine glacier

A

They cover mountains (also called mountain glaciers)

103
Q

Which landform region has the characteristics of softly shaped forest covered mountains

A

Appalachian Mountains

Geography Grade 9 (2 decks)

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