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Geography Grade 9 > Geography Interaction in Physical > Flashcards

Geography Interaction in Physical Flashcards

1
Q

What was the first geological era?

A

Precambrian

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2
Q

Which era does the formation of the Canadian Shield belong to?

A

Precambrian

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3
Q

What is a landform?

A

An Earth surface feature with a distinct set of characteristics (plains, mountains)

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4
Q

What landforms does Canada have?

A

Lowlands, Highlands, Shield

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5
Q

Name all the Lowlands

A

Hudson’s Bay Lowlands, Arctic Lowlands, Interior Plains, Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands

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6
Q

Which landform region do we live in

A

St. Lawrence Lowlands

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7
Q

Name the Highlands!

A

Appalachian Mountains, Innuitian Mountains, Western Cordillera

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8
Q

Don’t forget the Canadian Shield

A

Okay lol

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9
Q

What are visual of Canadian Shield

A

Old rock that has been worn down, mostly covered in forested area

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10
Q

Uses of Canadian Shield?

A

Important source of metallic minerals such copper, silver and gold. Mining. Camping, Hiking, Cottaging

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11
Q

Where is the Canadian Shield

A

Makes a target around Hudson’s Bay under

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12
Q

What is the Interior Plains like visually?

A

Lots of flat/farmland, much grass and rich soil

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13
Q

Which Landform Region is best for skiing?

A

Western Cordillera

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14
Q

What is the Interior Plains used for?

A

Agriculture! And mining. Mostly plants like wheat and barley grown here.

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15
Q

St. Lawrence Lowlands visuals?

A

Rolling hills and flat plains

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16
Q

Use of St. Lawrence Lowlands?

A

Industry, tourism, farming (fruits!)

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17
Q

Where is the Interior Plains

A

NE-Alberta, NWT, S-Saskatchewan, SW-Manitoba

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18
Q

Where is the St. Lawrence Lowlands?

A

By Québec City and the very bottom (sort of tail end) of Ontario

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19
Q

What is the Arctic Lowlands visually like?

A

Snow-capped, no trees, permafrost, rock

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20
Q

Hudson’s Bay Lowlands visual?

A

Flat wetland area, very swampy, many ponds

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21
Q

Where is the Hudson’s Bay/Arctic Lowlands

A

Ont, Que, and Manitoba under Hudson’s Bay / Nunavut - Arctic

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22
Q

What is the Hudson’s Bay and Arctic Lowlands used for

A

Mining, water, hydroelectricity, fishing, great habitat for wildlife

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23
Q

Appalachian Mountains visually?

A

Very forested, mountains, river valleys, low rolling hills

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24
Q

Innuitian Mountains visually?

A

Lack of plants, snow covered, permafrost, rocky, mountains, glaciers

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25
Western Cordillera visually?
High jagged mountains, forested, valleys, grasslands
26
Where is Appalachian Mountains
SE Provinces, Newfoundland, PEI, NB, NS, Que
27
Where us Innuitian Mountains
Far NE Nunavut
28
Where is the Western Cordillera
West coast of Yukon, BC and part of NWT + Alberta
29
Use of Appalachian Mountains
Mining (coal rich place), oil, and tourism
30
Use of Innuitian Mountains
Fishing, mining, fur trade, hunting, tourism
31
Use of Western Cordillera
Skiing, snowboarding, mining, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism
32
Second geo era?
Paleozoic
33
Longest geo era
Precambrian
34
Shortest geo era
Current, Cenozoic
35
3rd geo era
Mesozoic
36
4th geo era
Cenozoic
37
How many geological eras are there?
Four! Guess: PrC, Pal, Mes, Cen
38
Which era did bacteria form?
Precambrian
39
Approx how old Earth is?
4.5 Billion years
40
When did Canadian Shield form geo era?
Precambrian
41
Name a big event of the Precambrian era
Canadian Shield and bacteria forms
42
Paleozoic events?
Formation of Appalachian Mountains, first plants and animals appear on land
43
Geo era the formation of the Appalachian Mountains occur?
Paleozoic
44
What era do plants and animals 1st appear on land
Paleozoic
45
Oldest landform region?
Canadian Shield
46
Events of the Mesozoic era?
Formation of Western Cordillera, Innuitian Mountains, and age of the reptiles
47
3rd oldest era
Mesozoic
48
When era does the Western Cordillera form
Mesozoic
49
What era does the Innuitian Mountains form
Mesozoic
50
When did the age of reptiles occur
Mesozoic era
51
4th oldest era?
Cenozoic
52
How old is cenozoic (1, 2, 3..)
4th oldest current
53
Events of the Cenozoic era?
2 Million year ice age! Age of the mammals!
54
Which era did the age of mammals occur?
Cenozoic
55
What era did the age of mammals occur?
Cenozoic :)
56
What layer of the earth do we live on?
The crust!
57
Which Earth layer does convection currents occur?
Mantle
58
What is the crust?
Solid layer of rock between 3 and 30 miles on the surface of the planet
59
What is the mantle
Semi liquid layer of molten rock/magma that moves bc of convection currents
60
What is convection currents
The mechanism by which the tectonic plates move was connected to the movement of the liquid rock in the mantle
61
Outer core what is it
This a liquid part of the core that has a similar composition to the inner core
62
Inner core what is it
Solid part of Earth's middle. It is made of iron and nickel and reaches 5500°C
63
What is Pangea?
all the contentients were once together in a supercontient called Pangea
64
Who brought up Pangea?
Alfred Wegener
65
What suggested that Pangea happened
Convection currents✨️
66
What were the 4 proofs that proved Pangea called
Continental Drift
67
What is proof 1 of Pangea
Puzzle Pieces
68
What is the puzzle piece Pangea proof
It was observed that South America and Africa fit together like a puzzle piece suggesting they were once together.
69
Proof 2 of Pangea?
Fossil evidence!
70
What is the fossils proof of Pangea
Fossils from the same species were found on diffient continents (especially ones that shouldn't be able to go across water a long and deep distance)
71
Proof 3 of Pangea?
Ice!
72
What is the ice part of Pangea proof?
Evidence was found to support that some land was once in the Antarctic region.
73
Proof on Pangea 4 what is it called?
Rock formations!!
74
What is the rock formation proof of Pangea?
Geologic comparison found the same rock formations across continents
75
How many tectonic plates make up the Earth's crust
7 major plates!
76
How many ways do tectonic plates move?
3 ways, plus a small extra so sort of 4
77
What is it called when tectonic plates slide past each other?
Transform
78
What natural disaster is caused by transformation of tectonic plates
Earthquakes
79
What is it called when tectonic plates pull apart
Diverge
80
What event is caused by divergence of tectonic plates
Creation of new land and can cause earthquakes
81
What's it called when tectonic plates push together?
Converge
82
What event is caused by convergence of plates
Causes mountain formation, volcanic activity and earthquakes
83
What are the types of plate converge?
Subduction and Collision
84
What is converge - subduction
Oceanic plates slide under continental plates. Earthquakes can happen at these subduction zones.
85
What is converge - collision
Two continental plates collide resulting in rocks being folded and forced upwards. This type of movement results in the formation of new mountain ranges.
86
What is weathering?
is the process where large rocks are broken down into smaller ones.
87
What is erosion?
The wearing down and transport of weathered material by natural forces
88
The process where large rocks are broken down into smaller ones is?
Weathering
88
The wearing down and transport of weathered material by natural forces is?
Erosion
89
What are the types of weathering
Mechanical and Chemical
90
What is mechanical weathering
friction from wind, water, ice
91
What is chemical weathering
chemical actions such as oxidation, acid rain, and salt
92
Is salt a form of mech or chem weathering?
Chemical
93
Is ice a form of mech or chem weathering?
Mechanical
94
How long ago did the ice age happen?
Around 18,000 years ago
95
How did glaciers impact Canada?
Snow building up several km thick, most of Canada was covered in glaciers. The melt of the ice age is a HUGE source of our abundant fresh water
96
Name(s) of the major ice sheets that covered Canada?
The Cordilleran ice sheet and the Laurentide ice sheet
97
MOST major Canadian ice sheet?
The Laurentide ice sheet
98
Types of Glaciers?
Continental and Alpine
99
How does a continental glacier affect land
It smoothens out the features
100
How does an alpine glacier affect land
It sharpens features
101
What is a continental glacier
Covers entire continents or a large part of one, relatively flat
102
What is an Alpine glacier
They cover mountains (also called mountain glaciers)
103
Which landform region has the characteristics of softly shaped forest covered mountains
Appalachian Mountains

Geography Grade 9 (2 decks)

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