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GEOGRAPHY GRADE 5 TERM 4 > GEOGRAPHY GRADE 5 TERM 4 > Flashcards

GEOGRAPHY GRADE 5 TERM 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where can you find rocks

A

Under buildings and soil

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2
Q

What do rocks contain

A

They contain minerals

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3
Q

What do minerals look like

A

They sometimes look like shiny coloured pieces of rock

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4
Q

How old are rocks

A

Most rocks are millions of years old

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5
Q

What are the main minerals mines in South Africa

A 
Gold
Platinum
Chrome
Iron
Diamonds
Manganese
Copper
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6
Q

What is Gold used for

A

Jewellery

Dentistry

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7
Q

What is Platinum used for

A

Jewellery
Car industry
Electrical industry

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8
Q

What is chrome used for

A

Making other metals

Shiny parts of machines

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9
Q

What is iron used for

A

Buildings
Vehicles
Machines
Making other metals

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10
Q

What are diamonds used for

A

Jewellery

Cutting machines

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11
Q

What is manganese used for

A

Batteries
Cans
Making other metals

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12
Q

What is copper used for

A

Pipes
Electrical wires
Making jewellery

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13
Q

What is coal

A

Coal is a rock made from the remains of plants that died millions of years ago

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14
Q

How much coal is in the world

A

enough to last about 100 years

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15
Q

How is coal formed

A
  1. Millions of years ago the climate was different. Thick forest grew in wet areas called swamps. Each year some of the trees died and fell into the swamps
  2. The swamps filled up with dead trees. Rivers washed sand/soil into the swamps. The dead trees were buried under the sand
  3. More sand/rock piled on top of the old swamps. All the water squeezed out. Slowly all the buried sand, soil and trees squashes into different rocks and trees became coal
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16
Q

Name the uses of coal

A
  1. Most important in SA is to make electricity
  2. We use coal to make petrol and other oils to burn
  3. We use things we get from coal in industries (to make steel, tar, concrete, plastic and paper), buildings and in our homes (to make soap, shampoo, medicines, foods)
17
Q

Where do people live

A

They live in areas where they can find jobs and where there is water and where there is good farming land.

18
Q

What is mining

A

Mining is the process of digging rocks out of the ground by minders

19
Q

Name 2 ways of mining

A

Open pit or surface mining

Shaft of deep level mining

20
Q

What is open pit surface mining

A

It is when minerals are near the surface of the land

21
Q

What is one of the biggest human-made holes in the world

A

Kimberley Mine in the Northern Cape

22
Q

Describe the Kimberley mine

A

The hole was once about 1200 metres deep
50 000 diamond miners dug this hole with spades and picks over 100 years ago
By 1914 all the diamonds had been found and taken out from the area

23
Q

What is Shaft or deep level mining

A

Miners dig shafts/tunnels under the ground to mine rocks that are below the surface of the land
People can only work in deep level mines if there is ventilation.

24
Q

What is the environment

A

Everything around us for example water, air, soil, people, plants and animals

25
Q

Why is the environment damaged by mining

A

Miners use machines that remove large areas of soil and vegetation
Animals that live in the plants and soil lose their homes
Some animal die because their food supplies are destroyed
Valuable farmland/forests may be made into open pit mines
People breath dust and it is bad for their health
Water mixes with chemicals that come from broken rocks. The chemicals make water become like acid

26
Q

Why does mining cause pollution

A

The effect of mining pollute the air, water and soil
It is bad for the environment
It is bad for people’s health

27
Q

What does the law require when mining

A

The law require new open pit mine owner to rebuild the land after they have mined the area
Mine owners are supposed to save the soil and replant the area with the same kind of plants after mining

28
Q

What happens when rocks are mined

A

Miners dig a lot of rock out to get to the minerals
Machines break the rocks to seperate the useful minerals from the rest of the rock
The unused materials gets thrown away

29
Q

What happens to the waste material of the mining

A

Mining companies only use a small amount of material they mine
Mines produce a lot of waste
Mine processes use strong chemicals
These chemicals may stay in the waste material
The chemicals stop new plants from growing and is dangerous for animals and people

30
Q

What does the law require mines do with waste products

A

The law required the mines to be more careful with their waste disposal
They are not allowed to pollute the environment

31
Q

What is happening in the Free state and Gauteng mines

A

Old gold mines are being reworked to get more gold out of the waste. The waste is then buried in old mine shafts

32
Q

What happens to people in mines every year

A

Many people die or are badly hurt.

33
Q

What are the challenges of working in a deep gold mine

A

Some mine shafts are almost 4 kilometres deep

34
Q

What are the health and safety risks for miners

A

Silicoses is one of the lung diseases miners can get and it caused by breathing air that contains a lot of dust
The dust attacks the lining of the lungs
Over the years parts of the miner’s lungs become damaged
Silicoses stops the lungs from getting enough oxygen from the air
Miners with lung diseases can’t do heavy work and may have to stop working or leave the mine

35
Q

What must all miners do

A

They must wear a helmet, boots, work gloves and overalls
They must work in groups of at least 2
They must wear masks when working in thick dust
They must report machines that are not working correctly
They must follow the team leader’s instructions

36
Q

What must all miners not do

A

They must not take matches/lighters into the mine
They must not do jobs they are not trained to do
They must not work alone or in restricted areas.

GEOGRAPHY GRADE 5 TERM 4 (1 decks)

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