geography (food and development) Flashcards
impacts of eating inadequate food
Gateway 1
Social - Scavenging
Health - Ill health, malnutrition, starvation
Political - civil strife
Economic - more money spent on healthcare, lower productivity
impacts of eating too much food
Social - Dieting, Food wastage
Health - Obesity and related illnesses
Economic - More money spent on healthcare, Lower productivity
How to intensify crop production?
Gateway 2
Physical - Soil/Drainage, Relief, Climate
Political - Govt policies, ASEAN
Economic- Purpose of farming, demand / capital, agribusinesses
Technological - GREEN REV (Mechanisation, HYV, Pesticides, Fertilisers, Irrigation)
Differences in types of economic factors
Yield - Commercial farming has more yield, subsistence has less
Land size - Subsistence is small and commercial is large - 1 hectare v 30
Purpose - subsistence is for own use, commercial is for mass consumers
Effects of intensification of crop production
Irrigation - Soil salinisation and waterlogging
Pesticide and Fertilizer - eutrophication
HYV - allergy concerns, affects ecosystem
Mechanisation – pollution
irrigation eg – salt basin australia
eutrophication eg – dianchi lake Yunnan China
hyv eg – soya allergy
Why do food shortages occur?
Physical - natural disasters
Political - poor governance, civil strife
Economic - rising demand from BRIC nations, increasing costs for fertiliser and transport, conversion of farmland to industries
Social - inaccessibility to areas, lack of facilities to supply, population growth
natural disasters – tsunami sri lanka 2004, shrimp farms destroyed
civil strife – iran and iraq civil war, corruption in nigeria
What are the strategies to address these shortages?
Gateway 3
Social - Socially responsible customers, Buying local produce, Population control
Political / Economic
National
Govt policies - FELDA M´sia, High Tech farming SG
International
Aid assistance - GAFSP, School meal fund, response to natural disasters
Agricultural - Water/soil conservation, multicropping, land lease
Technological - BioTech, Farming tech, Storage facilities
What are the indicators of development?
Gateway 1
Social - Adult literacy rate, access to sanitation and healthcare
Demographic - Infant mortality, Life expectancy, % of urban population
Economic - Income per capita, Employment structure
Explain positive and negative effects of Core-Periphery model
Spread effect (+)
- Core country gets raw mats and cheap labour, furnishes the mats into products for selling
- Periphery country recieves knowledge and skills, job opportunities and profit from selling raw mats
Backwash effect (-)
- Core country takes raw mats at cheap price from periphery, and furnishes and sells to periphery at high costs
- Periphery country buys expensive products so are at a loss. This can cause uneven development
What are the factors affecting development?
Gateway 2
Social - education rates, overpopulation
Political - civil strife, poor governance
Economic - raw materials, cumulative causation
Environmental - natural disasters, climate change
Historical reasoning - colonialism
what are the strategies to allieviate uneven development? (national)
Gateway 3
National strategies
-improving agriculture techniques
-making education more available
-improving healthcare services
-implementing population control
-improve industries
what are the strategies to allieviate uneven development? (international)
Int. strategies
-UNCLOS
-ADB
-UNMP
-World bank
