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EIU > Geography Exam 1 > Flashcards

Geography Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Geography

A

Concerned with spatial distributions and interrelationships between humans and the environment

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2
Q

How is geography different from other disciplines

A

Looks at things from a spatial perspective
- Spacial Studies

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3
Q

Spacial Studies

A

Where - Description of the location
Why - Understanding of why that location
Change - How has the spatial pattern changed over time

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4
Q

Four traditions of geography

A
  • Earth Science
  • Human Environment Interaction
  • Regional Studies
  • Spatial Analysis
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5
Q

Earth Science

A
  • Focus on the physical processes of the planet
  • Start as geology.
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6
Q

Human Environment Interaction

A
  • Core of Geography
  • Two Way Street
    Humans affect the natural environment and vice versa
  • Humans changed geography
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7
Q

Regional Studies

A
  • Study of human and physical processes in specific regions
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8
Q

Spatial Studies

A
  • Emphasis on the techniques
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9
Q

Subdivisions of geography

A

-Physical Geography
- Human Geography
- Techniques

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10
Q

Physical Geography Specialities

A
  • Geomorphology
    Land forms
  • Meteorology
    Weather and short term
  • Climatology
    Long term. averages
  • Soils Geography
    Study of soil
  • Biogeography
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11
Q

Human Geography Specialities

A
  • Cultural geography
  • Historical geography
  • Political geography
  • Economic geography
  • Social geography
  • Urban geography
  • Population geography
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12
Q

Techniques Specialities

A
  • Cartography
    map making
  • Geography Information Systems (GIS)
    Multiple layers overlap on a map
  • GPS
    Global Positioning System
  • Remote Sensing
    Aerial photographs. Satellite images
  • Quantitative Methods
    Statistics
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13
Q

The Big G

A

Two main subfields
- Human and Physical Geography
- techniques/Tools
- Physical, Human, and Techniques

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14
Q

Scale Defined

A

Ratio of distance between two places on the map to the distance on the ground

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15
Q

Large vs Small Scale

A

Large
- Lots of detail
- Up close

Small
- Not a lot of detail
- Zoomed out

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16
Q

Types of Scales

A
  • Graphic
    l—-l—l
    0. 100
    Miles
  • Verbal
    one inch = 50 miles
  • RF
    1:500,000
    Units have to be the same
    Mountains
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17
Q

Types of Maps

A

-Thematic
- Cartogram
- Dot Maps
- Choropleth

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18
Q

Thematic Maps

A

Maps that have a theme

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19
Q

Cartogram Maps

A
  • No accurate shapes
  • Electoral vote
  • Some type of value
    Larger block is the larger value
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20
Q

Dot Maps

A
  • Dot represents a value
  • Dots everywhere
  • One dot = a certain value
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21
Q

Choropleth Maps

A
  • Geographic regions and shades it in a different color based on a statistical value
  • Range of colors
    Darker or brighter are the higher values
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22
Q

Mental Maps

A
  • Maps we have in our heads
  • Cognitive mapping
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23
Q

Accessibility and Connectivity

A
  • Site and Situation
  • How accessible to other places
  • Transportation
  • Internet
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24
Q

Site and Situation

A

Situation
- Advantages or disadvantages based on their connectivity

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25
Q

Spatial Distribution

A
  • Density
  • Concentration
  • Pattern
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26
Q

Pattern

A
  • Linear, Centralized, Rectangular/Square
  • Grid system
    Rectangular
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27
Q

Concentration

A
  • Shows the amount of spread over an area
  • Clustered vs Dispersed
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28
Q

Types of Densities

A
  • Arithmetic
  • Physiological
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29
Q

Arithmetic Density

A

Number of people per some unit of land

30
Q

Physiological Density

A

Number of people per some arable (farmable) land

31
Q

Absolute vs Relative Location

A

Absolute
- Precise location on the Earth’s surface

Relative
- Relative to something that we know

32
Q

Types of Absolute Locations

A
  • Street Addresses
  • Township and Range
33
Q

Latitude vs Longitude

A

Latitude
- North and South of Equator
- 0-90 degrees

34
Q

Major Longitude and Latitude Lines

A

Latitude
- Equator: 0
Longitude
- International Dateline
180, Pacific Ocean
- Prime Meridian
0 Degrees
Greenwich, London

35
Q

7 Major Parallels

A

North Pole
- 90 N
Arctice Circle
- 66.5 N
Tropic of Cancer
- 23.5
Equator
- 0
Tropic of Capricorn
- 23.5 S
Antarctic Circle
- 66.5 S
South Pole
- 90 S

36
Q

Earth Tilt

A

23.5 Degrees

37
Q

Time Zones

A

One time zone is equal to 15 degrees of longitude

38
Q

Township and Range

A
  • Baseline and principal meridian
  • Township North or south of base line
  • Range is east and west
  • Square is divided into quarters
39
Q

Absolute vs Relative Direction

A

Absolute
- North, East, South, West

Relative
- Going up, going down, going over to

40
Q

Absolute vs Relative Distance

A

Absolute
- Miles
Relative
- Time

41
Q

Types of Regions

A
  • Formal
  • Functional
  • Vernacular
42
Q

Formal and Functional Regions

A

Formal
- Regions with uniformity
- Makes it the same
- Religion, language, climate

Functional
- Core - Periphery
Centralized pattern
- City and suburbs

43
Q

Vernacular Regions

A
  • Perceived regions
  • Midwestern states in the US
    People from different states may think the Midwest looks different
44
Q

Globalization

A
  • World is shrinking
  • Ability to interact with other parts of the world is easier
45
Q

Top Populations of the World

A
  • India
  • China
  • US
  • Indonesia
  • Pakistan
46
Q

Major Population Clusters - Why?

A

Why uneven
- Harsh living conditions
- Access to basic needs (food and water)

Access to water
- Near an ocean/sea or river that connects

Good farmland
- Low-lying areas: fertile soils
- Temperate climate
- Mid-latitudes

47
Q

World Population now

A

8.1 Billion

48
Q

Population in 2050

A

Top 5
- India
- China
- US
- Pakistan
- Nigeria

49
Q

Regional Population Growth and Trends

A
50
Q

Most Populous Country by Region

A
51
Q

Crude Birth vs Crude Death Rate

A
52
Q

Natural Increase

A
53
Q

Fertility Rate

A
54
Q

Infant Mortality Rate

A
55
Q

Life Expenctancy

A
56
Q

Dependency Ratio

A
57
Q

Developed vs Less Developed Countries and Demographic Data

A
58
Q

History of the World’s Population

A
59
Q

Doubling TIme

A
60
Q

Stages and Characteristics of Demographic Transition Model

A
61
Q

Countries in each DTM and ties to economy

A
62
Q

Uses of Population Pyramids

A
63
Q

Importance ofAge and Dependency Ratio

A
64
Q

Impact of the Baby Boomer Generation

A
65
Q

Julian Simon and Thomas Malthus’ ideas on population growth

A
66
Q

Carrying Capacity

A
67
Q

Types of Family Planning Initiatives

A
68
Q

Voluntary, Extended Voluntary, Forced

A
69
Q

Importance of Education in Family Planning

A
70
Q

Barriers to Population Sustainability

A
71
Q

Psychological, Educational, and Cultural

A

EIU (1 decks)

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