Geography Edexcel B -Development 2.3. GH Flashcards
What is top down development?
Top down development is when decision makings about the development of a plane is done by governments or large companies.
What is bottom up development?
Bottom up development are experts who work with communities to identify their needs offer assistance and let people have more people have more control over their lives, often run by non-governmental organisations ( NGOs).
One example of top up development.
The Sardar Sarovar dam project in India
One example of bottom up development.
One example is people in the rural parts of India using biogas as a source used for multi reasons.
Where is the Sardar Sarovar dam in India?
It is in the west of the country and located at the Narmada river.
Advantages of NGO-led.
Saves a lot of money as the materials used are not expensive.
Materials used are simple, local and are therefore easily accessible and not difficult to find.
What does NGO-led stand for?
Non- governmental organisation- led.
What does IGO stand for?
Inter-governmental organisation.
What are the advantages of NGO in the long term?
Doesn’t harm the environment.
Helps a given community, even it is not so vast,have get to powered electricity generators.
Creates permanent jobs
Benefits everyone and not just certain people in the given community.
What are the advantages of IGOs? (In Sardar Sarovar Dam?).
It provides a vast community of people 3.5 billion litres of drinking water daily
Provides consistent HEP.
What are problems with IGOs in general?
The materials used for the projects are very expensive and therefore use a large sum of money.
Not everyone can benefit from it.
It can seriously harm the environment (flooding, droughts, air pollution, thousands of people forced to leave).
Can take a long time to set up.
What are problems with IGO in India? (Dam).
Only the cities benefit- the rural parts don’t.
In western India, religious and historic sites have been flooded
234 villages were flooded forcing 320,000 people to leave
Few rural families can afford electricity
Good quality land has been flooded, means fertile sediment, deposited on flood plains each year, is also lost.
What would top down development be best for? A nation or local needs?
National because these decisions will help make money and impact (change) millions of lives.
What would bottom up be best for? A nation or local needs?
It would be better for local needs because the schemes are designed to socially improve and impress a given community to a smaller community.
Bottom up development is more sustainable (more long lasting) than top down development, TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE.
