Geography earthquake Flashcards
What are earthquakes caused by?
The movement of plates
The Earth’s crust is made up of large pieces called plates that move slowly relative to each other.
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
- Convergent
- Divergent
- Transform
These boundaries are formed by the movement of tectonic plates.
What happens when two plates push against or slide past each other?
Friction causes stress within crustal rocks
This stress builds up over time until it is released.
What are the vibrations caused by the release of pressure in the Earth’s crust called?
Earthquakes
These vibrations are the result of the sudden release of built-up stress.
What are the two types of shockwaves produced during an earthquake?
- P-waves (Primary waves)
- S-waves (Secondary waves)
These waves travel through the Earth’s crust to the surface.
What is the focus of an earthquake?
The point where an earthquake shockwave originates
Shockwaves radiate outwards from this point.
What is the epicentre of an earthquake?
The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus
The intensity of shockwaves is highest at the epicentre.
What are aftershocks?
Vibrations of the Earth’s crust following the main shock of the earthquake
Aftershocks can continue for hours or days, causing further damage.
What types of damage can earthquakes cause?
- Collapsing buildings
- Leaking gas pipes
- Explosions
- Fires
These damages can occur due to the intense vibrations of an earthquake.
What are seaquakes?
Earthquakes originating from under the ocean floor
Seaquakes can also produce tsunamis.
What are tsunamis?
Huge ocean waves capable of causing great damage to coastal areas
They can be produced by seaquakes.
What was a notable example of a tsunami?
The Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004
This tsunami devastated coastal communities in countries like India, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia.
