geography coasts (topic 3)

Question 1

explain a constructive wave

Answer 1

• Low wave height, large wavelength
• gentle and developing
  sandy beaches

Question 2

explain a destructive wave

Answer 2

• High wave height, small wavelength
• powerful and damaging
• rocky headlands and landforms

Question 3

explain a concordant coast line and its landforms

Answer 3

• the rock runs parallel to the coast.
• This means that if you walked into land, the rock beneath your feet would alternate between bands of more resistant and less resistant rock
• can lead to the formation of coves and cliffs.

Question 3

explain a discordant coastline and its landforms

Answer 3

• the rocks run perpendicular to the sea, which can create successions of headlands and bays
• less resistant rocks are eroded faster than the more resistant rocks, which leads to the formation of bays.

Question 4

explain the process of longshore drift

Answer 4

● Waves hit the beach at an angle determined by the direction of the prevailing wind.

● The waves push sediment in this direction and up the beach in the swash.

● Due to gravity, the wave then carries sediment back down the beach in the backwash.

● This moves sediment along the beach over time.

Question 5

explain the 4 coastal transportation processes

Answer 5

• solution - chemicals are dissolved into sea water
• suspension - particles and small rocks are light enough to float within the waves
• traction - large rocks are rolled along the seabed
• saltation - pebbles and small rocks that are too heavy to be suspended bounce along the sea bed

Question 6

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explain why coastal flooding will likely get worse

Question 7

explain the processes of clift collapse

Question 8

name and explain one hard coastal managements

Answer 8

• sea wall - Concrete structures that absorb and reflect wave energy, with curved surface
• good - Effective erosion prevention
• bad - Visually unappealling and Expensive to construct and maintain

Question 9

name and explain two soft coastal managements

Answer 9

• beach nourishment - Sand is added to the beach to replace the material lost through erosion and transportation.
• good - Maintains the beach, which is a major tourist attraction + This blends in with the rest of the beach, so isn’t unattractive
• bad - Large quantities of sand needed on a regular basis

Question 10

name and explain the 4 coastal erosional processes

Question 11

explain how two depositional landforms are created