Geography - Climate

Question 1

ITCZ boundary is irregular, mainly due to the effect of the configuration of the continental land mass

Answer 1

.

Question 2

Cold current

Answer 2

Peru, which flows through the Atacama Desert

Question 3

Warm current

Answer 3

warm Brazil current flowing across Rio de Janeiro

Question 4

BWH

Answer 4

less than 250mm of rain

Question 5

Bsh

Answer 5

250 - 600 mm of rain

Question 6

Rainshadow effect

Answer 6

Atacama desert, rainshadow of Andes

Question 7

Desertifiaction

Answer 7

Madacasgar - slash and burn

to solve, can use wind breakers– planted in the Sahara desert

Question 8

Temperature of Am and Aw differ

Answer 8

due to the tilt of the earth’s axis

Question 9

Summer and winter winds

Answer 9

Summer; moist onshore winds

Winter; dry offshore winds

Question 10

Cyclones - special case

Answer 10

Typhoon Vamei – developed near SG in 2001 (first ever recorded cyclone within 300km of equator)

Question 11

Walker circulation - effect on distribution of climates

Answer 11

reinforces the Hadley cell and leads to am climates in the western pacific and bah in the eastern pacific

Question 12

Why does the Indian monsoon have different rainfall

Answer 12

• land and sea contrast
• triangular shape of landmass
• position of Himalayan mountains to the north

Question 13

Eastern ghauts will have rain

Answer 13

winds blowing through bay of Bengal – obstructrd by eastern Ghaut , hence, causing rain

Question 14

trade winds stability

Answer 14

stable over oceans, unstable over land mass

Question 15

equatorial low pressure belt

Answer 15

• area of converging trade winds

- ascending arm of Hadley cell

Question 16

el nino can also occur else where

Answer 16

• drought in Ethiopia

- floods in Paraguay

Question 17

use proxy climate indicators

Answer 17

• evidences from Pleistocene and holocene

Question 18

use proxy climate indicators

Answer 18

• evidences from Pleistocene and holocene ; evidence not observed in tropical areas

Question 19

evidence of climate change

Answer 19

• glacialogical (glacial movement and landforms, polar ice cores - amount and concentration of CO2)
• geological (pluvial lakes - pluvial and interpuvial episodes, endorheic)
• biological (dendrochronology - number, width of rings, favourable conditions)

early holocene – hottest, Mega Chad

Question 20

Evaluation of global warming

Answer 20

gases will stay in atmosphere for a long time, even if emissions were to stop, warming will still continue

Question 21

Plants as carbon sink

Answer 21

take in 60 million tonnes of carbon each yea r