Geography chapter 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.9 , 4.1 , 4.3 , 4.5 Flashcards
What are reasources?
Thing we need to live or earn a living
what are the five basic needs to survive?
food
water
clothing
shelter
energy(heat)
why is soil an important recourse?
to farm
what are some extra things natural things that the earth provides?
metals
gas
oil
whets the population of earth?
8 billion people
is the earths supply of natural recources infinite or finite?
finite
what is a natural recourse?
a natural resource is when something occurs naturally. (not by humans but allah)
what are some examples of natural recourses? (6)
soil
water
wind
sunlight
coal
oil
how do we make plastic?
it is made in factories, from chemicals obtained from oil
what are renewable recources?
renewable recourses are recourses that we can keep using without running out.
where are natural recourses?
natural recourses are found everywhere but not shared equaly
what percentage of water is fresh?
3%
what percentage of fresh water is available?
1%
where do we get our fresh water?
in the UK around 28% of our total water supply is ground water, pumped up from aquifers. the rest is surface water, pumped from rivers or from reservoirs.
what do you use water for?(3)
farming-about 70% is used in farming, most of it is for irrigating crops.
industry-about 19% is used in industry, for washing, as a solvent, for making steam in power stations.
domestic use-about 11% is used in homes for washing, cooking, watering plants and drinking.
do we have enough fresh water?
the answer is no, not if we carry on as we are! many countries have a water crisis already, or soon will
state the 5 stages of the water cycle.
- in the water cycle the water vapor from the salty oceans condenses to fresh water which falls as rain.
- but rain falls very unequally around the world and climate change is adding on to the problem. wet regions may get even more rain and dry regions even less.
- rain soaks through the ground to give ground water, some ends up in aquifers, we pump it out to use it.
4.rain also runs over and through the ground and into rivers, we pump it out of rivers too.
- earths population is growing over 80million a year so the amount of fresh water is growing too. in some places we pump more water than the rain can replace. the result, “water stress”.
what is water stress?
water stress is where a country cant meet its demand for fresh water.
what do power stations burn to spin their turbines?(3)
and give an example.
wood
straw
waste
NORWAY
how does a hydro electric power station work? and give an example.
fast flowing rivers spin the turbines to give electricity. BRAZIL
how does a wind farm work? and give an example.
Wind turns the blades which are joined to the turbine which generates electricity when it spins. New Zeland
how does a wind farm work? and give an example.
Wind turns the blades which are joined to the turbine which generates electricity when it spins. New Zeland
how does a tide farm work? and give an example.
as the tide rises and falls, the tide can also spin turbines which generate electricity. SCOTLAND
how does a Solar farm work? and give an example.
Sunlight strike pv cells, giving electricity
What does it mean to have a kitchen in poverty?
no running water , no electricity and one of yours it to collect fire wood
Do you have a choice of where you live?
NO.
Where is your nearest water supply if your in poverty?
15 minute walk away. a full container is heavy, sometimes the tap runs dry
What is poverty?
Poverty is where you do not have enough recourses - money or possessions to meet your basic needs
What is Extreme poverty?
Extreme poverty is where you have recourses worth less than 1.90 dollars
What is Life expectancy?
this indicates whether people are likely to have a long and healthy life
What is GNI per person (PPP)?
a country’s wealth, given as PPP is often used as a measure of development.
What is HDI?
HDI is a special index which is used to compare countries, it looks at three aspects of development: life expectancy,acces to education and a decent standard of living.
how does HDI change?
climate change, civil wars, and a contagious viruses e.g. Covid-19
how did covid-19 effect HDI?
many older people died, many children lost education.
what are the historical reasons behind the development gap
1.industrial revolution began by 1750 in Britain and spread. which made Europe leap ahead in wealth and development.
2.europeans had already settled in America so industry’s began to develop there too.
3.some European countries took over pleases as colonies to gain control, the material and enslaved people they shipped and made many Europeans very rich.
what are the geographical reasons behind the development gap
1.in a hot dry land country with poor soil and few other natural recourses development may be very difficult.
what are the health and educational reasons behind the development gap
a well educated skilled and healthy workforce helps a country develops
