Geography - Changing UK landscapes Flashcards
Describe distribution of UK’s geology
Mainly sedimentary
Scotland metamorphic
Spots of igneous in NI, North Scotland (Cairngorms), Wales, North/South England
Sedimentary rock formation
Sediment gathers and compacts and condenses on Ocean floor
Sedimentary rock characteristics
Made of grains of sediment
Only type to contain fossils (not had pressure / heat)
Not very resistant
Forms in layers
Sedimentary rock type uses
Sandstone tiles
Limestone building, toothpaste
Shale paint
Describe igneous rock formation (intrusive, extrusive)
Intrusive: magma cools inside Earth, can be exposed later via processes such as erosion
Extrusive: lava erupts from volcanoes and cools in layers
Igneous rock characteristics
Made of randomly arranged interlocking crystals
Very resistant
Intrusive have larger crystals
Describe metamorphic rock formation
Rocks change due to heat and pressure
Metamorphic rock characteristics
Resistant
“banded” texture
Secondary ways of metamorphic rock formation:
Contact:
Rock coming into contact with great heat and changing
Regional:
Huge areas of compression (mountain formation)
Physical processes affecting the uk landscape:
Glaciers
Rivers
Weather/erosion
Landslides
Name an upland area shaped by glaciers in the past
Lake district/ Scottish highlands
Name Physical processes working on the coast
(Weathering, mass movement, erosion, transport AND depostion)
Weathering: Mechanical (freeze thaw), Biological, chemical
Mass movement: Slumping, sliding
Erosion: Hydraulic action (water fills cracks), abrasion (sandpaper), attrition(bag of marbles), solution
Transport: Traction, Saltation, suspension, solution
+ deposition
