Geography case studies theme 1

Question 1

Name the underpopulation case study

Answer 1

Australia

Question 2

Causes of underpopulation in australia (explain)
Physical factors

Answer 2

1, high temperatures: hottest climate in summer + highest sunshine duration; difficult place to live
2, ardity: central austarlia is desert; revieves less than 250mm of annual rainfall-> crops cannot grow easily
3, large supply of natural resources: gold,iron, ore, lead, nickel,rutile,uranium,zimc and zircon.

Question 3

Causes of underpopulation (explain)
Australia
(Human factors)

Answer 3

1, low birth rate: due to widespread availabilty of contraception, high incomes, female education
2, low but increasing death rate: good + accessible public health system.
- however, ageing pop is increaing the death rate

Question 4

Areas of underpopulation:
Australia
Where do people tend to live?

Answer 4

-Rural nothern + central regions
- Coast where there is milder climate + fertile soil

Question 5

Consequences of underpopulation:
Australia
(Economic)
5

Answer 5

1, under-used resources: large resources but low population -> not used to capacity
2, shortage workers
3, low employment: 5% in 2019
4, higher taxes: less people= higher taxes–> business choose to locate abroad, people work less= avoid taxes, raised pensions
5, a smaller market for goods/ services : companies may don’t want to locate in australia= fewer customers.

Question 6

Consequences of underpopulation:
Australia
(Social)
4

Answer 6

+ 1, good healthcare system: availabe to all residents
+ 2, plenty of space: development, good housing
+ 3,high quality of life: 6th in the world
- 4, public facilities: close down as less people

Question 7

Consequences of underpopulation:
Australia
(Environmental)
1.

Answer 7

1. Good air quality: less industry, less pollution

Question 8

Case study for overpopulation:

Answer 8

Blangladesh

Question 9

Causes of national overpopulation
3

Answer 9

1, high birth rate: tranditionally large families , lack of access to contraception, children used for work
2, low death rate: improvements in medical; people live longer
Leads to natural increase

Question 10

Causes of regional overpopulation:

(2)

Answer 10

1,rural-urban migration: overcrowding in urban areas
2, higher land: move to avoid flooding, -> overcrowding

Question 11

Problems caused by overpop:
Blangladesh
6

Answer 11

1,lack of basic needs; electricity, clean drinking water….
2, overcrowding
3, rural poverty: 61%
4, underemployment: 40% under-employed, low wages
5, insufficient food production
6, lack of services: not enough schools + hospitals, poor acces to health care

Question 12

Other challanges of overpop:
Blangldesh
2

Answer 12

1, extreme weather events
2, rising seal levels: climate change

Question 13

Slow pop growth case study:

Answer 13

Russia

Question 14

Causes of slow pop growth :
Russia
4

Answer 14

1, low birth rates: high rates of abortion, many women independant + pirotise jobs, wodespread access to contraceptives
2, low fertility rates: fell
3, high death dates: high obsesity rates, low investments in healthcarem high intakes lf alcohol+ smoking+ poverty+ pollution+ diseases
4, low immigration + high emmigration rates

Question 15

Consequences of slow pop growth
Russia
3

Answer 15

1, impact of enconomy: labour force expected to shrink
2, ‘brain drain’: leaving of educated people
3, impacts in rural areas: 8500 villages have been abandoned

Question 16

Rapid growth pop case study:

Answer 16

Kenya

Question 17

Causes of high pop growth
Kenya
(High natural incrase)
2

Answer 17

1. High birth rate: lack of family planning, lack of access to contraception + knowledge about them
2. Decreasing death rate: improvemnrts to access to medical services; vaccination, improved hygene+ diets, falling infant mortality rate.

Question 18

Consequences of rapid pop growth:
Kenya
3

Answer 18

1, youthful population: high dependency ratio
2, rural-urban migration: lack of cultivable land
3, high levels of inequality

Question 19

Case study of aids?

Answer 19

Bostwana

Question 20

Causes of aids
Botswana
4

Answer 20

1, main ways: sexual intercourse+ from mother to child
2, womens seen as ‘child bearers’
3, poverty: families can’t afford anti-retovival drugs + young womens forced into protitution= spreads disease
4, low availbaility of medical care

Question 21

Effects of aids
Bostwana
3

Answer 21

1, 39% of adult pop have the disease
2, life expectancy has dropped + natural increase will slow
3, shortage of skilled labour

Question 22

What is being done with aids?
Botswana
3

Answer 22

1, public education + awarness
2, education for young people
3, condom distrubition + education

Question 23

Anti- natalist case study?

Answer 23

One child policy

Question 24

Reasons the one child policy introduced + how was enforced?
2, 2

Answer 24

1, rapid pop gowth 2% anually
2, fear of reaching carrying capacity

1, contraceptiioms readily availbale for married couples.
2, men had to be over 22 and women 20 to have a child.

Question 25

Positive Impacts of the one chile policy:
3

Answer 25

1, birth rate decreased to 0.7
2, estimated that the policy prevented around 400 million extra births
3, huge economic growth + poverty

Question 26

Negative impacts
One child policy
3

Answer 26

1,huge gender imbalance
2, prostitution rose
3, 4,2,1 - ageing pop

Question 27

Pro-natalist case study

Answer 27

France

Question 28

Methods to include france policy:
3

Answer 28

1, offering cash incentives to mothers who stayed at home to care for children.
2, banning the sale of contraceptives until 1967
3, subsiding holidays

Question 29

Incenatives offered in the french policy included:
3

Answer 29

1, payments of more than £ 1000 to couples for having their 3rd child
2, maternity leave on near full pay for 20 weeks for their 1st child
3, full tax benefits to parents

Question 30

Impacts of the french policy:
Advantages
2

Answer 30

1, replacement level has risen
2, even the poorest families could afford having children

Question 31

Impacts of the franch policy
Disadvantages
2

Answer 31

1, the policy costs the french government billions of euros to mantain per year
2, the policy cintains about 30 measures; hard to asses at once or implement.

Question 32

International voluntary migration

Answer 32

Poland to Uk

Question 33

Causes of poland to Uk:
Push factors
1

Answer 33

1, lower wages in poland

Question 34

Causes of poland to Uk
pull factors
3

Answer 34

1, better paid jobs
2, family links
3, education opportunities

Question 35

Imapacts of poland to Uk:
On the destination (uk)
3

Answer 35

1, increase in polish supermarkets + food availability
2, polish people contribute to the enconomy by working
3. Reliance on polish workers , crisis polish people went back to poland

Question 36

Imapacts of poland to Uk:
On the origin (poland)
2

Answer 36

1, remittancess from migrants to familiy= good for economy
2, brain drain

Question 37

Imapacts of poland to Uk:
On the migrants
2

Answer 37

1, polish poeple less likely to be unemployed than british people
2, negative attitudes= abuse to polish people

Question 38

Forced migration

Answer 38

Syria to UK

Question 39

Causes of syria to uk
Push factors
3

Answer 39

1, lack of access to services + resources
2, poor employment opportunities
3, lack of security + persecution

Question 40

Causes of syria to uk
Pull factores
4

Answer 40

1, access to cheap/free healthcare
2, some free education
3,wider job opportunitites
4, uk represents a safe and stable country

Question 41

Impacts syria to uk:
On the destination uk
3

Answer 41

1, syria adds to the cultural diversity
2, already speak english= facilitate integration
3,may be some pressure on services + resources

Question 42

Impacts syria to uk:
On the origin (syria)
2

Answer 42

1, remittances= many sent back to family= good for economy
2, brain drain = less trained people to underate higher skilled work

Question 43

Impacts syria to uk:
On the migrants
2

Answer 43

1, in a report syruans said they feel safe in their neigbours + homes
2, some find integration hard

Question 44

High dependency ratio:

Answer 44

Japan

Question 45

Causes of japan dependency ratio:
2

Answer 45

1, life expectancy= 80 for men and 66 for women = healthy diets + good quality of life + good healthcare
2, birth rate has been declining due to a rise in the average age at which women have their first child.

Question 46

Impacts of japan dependency ratio:
3

Answer 46

1, the declining workforce= government recieves less tax income
2, companies have had to raise their wages to attract foreign workers
3, having a smaller proportion of young people have caused schools + colleges to close.

Question 47

Solutions of japan dependency ratio
2

Answer 47

1, japan has increased the age at which a person can recieve a state pension
2, increased taxes

Question 48

Sparsely populated country

Answer 48

Canadian northlands

Question 49

key facts of the Canadian northlands

Answer 49

-Canada has 4 people per km2
-very few people live in the cold climate of the area, with 75% of Canadian living within 160km of the main border with the USA

Question 50

Reasons for canadian northlands to be a Sparsely populated country
4

Answer 50

1, due to climate:
Winter: extremely cold temps+ inhospitable ( mean jan temps being below -20 degrees Celsius)
Summer: short + climate beyond limits of agriculture
2, low pop density: inhability to grow food on the land, affected by permafrost
3, difficulties for human development in the region
4, severe environmental conditions lead to substantial economic, engineering and maintenance difficulties for development

Question 51

Densely populated area

Answer 51

North east coast usa

Question 52

key facts of the north east os the usa

Answer 52

• greatest concentration of people in the northeast
  -it become known as the manufacturing belt
• New York has pop of 8.4M in the city and in the larger metropolitan area 18.9M

Question 53

Reasons north east coast of usa densely populated area
5

Answer 53

1,highly industrulised zone
2, generly fertile land
3, conductive soils
4, intense job opportunities
5, excellent transport links have increased the sense of growth in the region