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FTCE 6-12 social Science > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

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1
Q

Absolute Location

A

Exact whereabouts of a place, person or thing.

-latitude & longitude

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2
Q

Relative Location

A

Relationship of a place between and among other places.

Most Common

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3
Q

Geography

A

Spatial discipline

  • Where?
  • Why There?
  • Consequences of being there?
  • Science of Space and Place*
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4
Q

Spatial Perspective

A

Identifying, explaining and predicting the human and physical patterns in space and the interconnectedness of various spaces.

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5
Q

4 branches of geography

A
  • human
  • physical
  • regional
  • topical/systematic
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6
Q

Human geography

A
  • Humans & culture
    • population geography
    • economic geography
    • political geography
    • activities relate to environment politically, culturally, historically and socially
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7
Q

Physical Geography

A

Physical environment

 - water (hydrosphere)
 - air (atmosphere)
 - animals (biosphere)
 - land (lithosphere)

Land formation, water, weather & climate, geomorphology, biogeography, environmental

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8
Q

Regional geography

A

Areas that have some degree of similarity.

Broken up into REALMS

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9
Q

Topical/Systemic Geography

A

Climate, landforms, economics and culture

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10
Q

Population Geography

A

Deals with relationships between geography and population patterns.

 - birth rates
 - death rates
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11
Q

Political Geography

A

Effect of geography on politics especially on national boundaries and relations between states

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12
Q

Economic Geography

A

Interaction between Earth’s landscape and economic activity of human population

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13
Q

5 themes of geography

A

1) Location
2) Places
3) Human/Environment Interaction
4) Movement
5) Regions

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14
Q

Place

A

Unique combination of physical and cultural attributes that give each location on the Earth its individual “stamp”

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15
Q

Physical Characteristics

A

Geological, hydrological, atmospheric & biological processes.

 - mountains          -flora
 - rivers                  -fauna
 - beaches             -resources 
 - topography.       -landforms
 - bodies of water  -climate 
 - soils                  -Natural vegetation
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16
Q

Human Characteristics

A

Change to environment caused by human ideas and actions

 - man made designs 
      - religion
      - architecture 
      - food
      - transportation & communication      networks
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17
Q

Human-Environmental Interaction

A
  • How humans rely on it, alter it and adapt to it.
  • How environment may limit what people can do.
  • changes quickly and sometime temporarily.
18
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

How ideas, innovation and ideology spreads from one area to another.

19
Q

Spatial interaction

A

How places interact through movement

-Depends on distance

20
Q

Friction of Distance

A

The degree to which distance interferes with some interaction

21
Q

Space-Time Compression

A

Increasing sense of accessibility and connectivity.

 - Reducing perceived distance
 - Distance thought by humans not actual land.
22
Q

Distance Decay

A

Interaction between 2 places declines as distance increases.

*Reduced by technology

23
Q

Regions

3 types

A
  • More manageable units
  • unifying characteristics
    • physical (landforms, climate, soil, vegetation)
    • cultural
    • human based (language, economic, social, political)
  • Types*
  • Formal
  • Functional
  • Vernacular
24
Q

Formal Regions

A

“Uniform Regions”

  • Areas with common/uniform cultural and physical features.
  • Defined by government or administrative boundaries.

includes climate region

25
Q

Functional Regions

A

“Nodal Regions”

  • Linked by functions influence
  • If function ceases to exist so does region.
    • disease
    • pizza delivery routes
  • Defined by places affected by movement
26
Q

Vernacular Regions

A
  • People’s Perception
    • South
    • Middle East
  • Determined by people’s beliefs, not by scientific measurement.
27
Q

4 physical processes

A
  • Air (atmospheric): climate & meteorology
  • Land (lithospheric): plate tectonics, erosion, soil formation
  • Water (hydrospheric): Circulation of oceans, hydrologic cycle
  • Animals (biosphere): plant & animal communities, ecosystems
28
Q

7 main processes that shaped Earth’s landforms & physical systems & features

A

1) plate tectonics
2) weathering
3) transportation
4) erosion
5) freezing & thawing
6) gravity
7) deposition

29
Q

Weathering

A

Physical & chemical breakdown of rocks at or near the Earth’s surface

30
Q

Erosion

A

Rocks crack, fragment & crumble due to physical, chemical & biological interactions and become soil.

  • Soil is loosened and carried away
    • waves
    • streams
    • wind
    • mass movement
    • glaciers (glacier moraines, drumlins, finger lakes, I.e. Ice Age)
31
Q

Plate Tetonics

A

-Movement in the
Earth and forces that produce movement.
-volcanoes
-earthquakes

32
Q

Cultural ecology

A

Interaction of people’s culture and earth

33
Q

Environmental Determinism

A

-Environment can overpower people and determine their culture and amount and direction of development

  • CONSIDERED “NOT POLITICALLY CORRECT”*
    • “Higher the civilization, higher the latitude”
34
Q

Human-Cultural Determinism

A

Culture overpowers and shapes the environment.

-Environmentalist viewpoint.

35
Q

Human-environment Interaction

A

Cycle of interaction between humans and the environment that is complex and tautological.

ENVIRONMENT SHAPES PEOPLE/PEOPLE SHAPE ENVIRONMENT

36
Q

Political Ecology

A

Multi-disciplinary

How social & environmental change occurs in the context of power relations, social structures, economic issues, and human-environment interactions.

37
Q

Maps

A

2D model of earth or a portion of the surface

38
Q

Cartography

A

Process of mapmaking

39
Q

Types of Maps

A

Political- political boundaries, states, cities, capitals, countries.

Physical- landforms & bodies of water

Thematic- climate, vegetation, population, density, historical trends, etc

40
Q

Map properties

4 of them

A

Shape- geometric shapes of objects on map.
Size (area)- amount of space taken up by landforms or objects on map.
Distance- represented distance between objects.
Direction- degree of accuracy representing cardinal directions.

41
Q

6 parts of a map

A

1) Title- Map’s subject
2) Compass- Orient the map
3) Scale- Size chart
4) Labels- Explain map features
5) Key/Legend- What symbols mean
6) Contour lines- Elevation (closer together = steeper)

42
Q

Latitude & Longitude

A

Latitude- (Parallel to equator)

Longitude- Up down (perpendicular to equator)

FTCE 6-12 social Science (3 decks)

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