Geography Flashcards
What is Global warming?
Global Warming is the slow steady rise of the earths temperature due to atmospheric carbon dioxide
What is the greenhouse effect?
When greenhouse gases such as CO2 trap heat and cause the earths temperature to rise
What is rural settlement?
Settlement outside towns and cities (disperesed)
What are 3 factors contributing to rural settlement?
1) What kind of resources are founf in the area
2) What transportation methods were avalible during times of settlement
3) What role did government policy play in the settlement
What is geography?
the study of the earth
What is pangaea?
A theory by Alfred Wegner where once the continents were all joined in a giant land mass
Plate techtonics?
is the study of how moving plates under the earths mantle could create volcanos, earthquakes, or mountains etc.
How do volcanos work? (3 steps)
- rising heat causes the molten material of the matle into huge circular motions
- as those convection currents swirls they take the plates of the lithosphere with them
- cracks open along the plates edges and magma forces its way through
Erosion
When weather continually works to level the earths surface, ie. WATER, wind, plant roots, animals and humans
What is a landform region?
a part of earth that has unique physical features that people often use to fit their needs
The appalachians landform
Along the east coast, rugged old mountains, good growing soil
The Canadian shield landform
Covers half of canada, the shape of a doughnut with hundsons bay as the hole, covered by thousands of lakes and swamps. has a lot of metallic minerals ie. gold nickel and silver, hydroelectric power and forestry are important.
Prevailing wind
established pattern of with that goes from from west to east
Why does precipitation occur?
- Warm air rises
- air cools as it rises
- as air colls, water vapour condenses more than it evapourates
relief precipitation?
Mountain barriers create relief precipitation
it rains/ snows on the windward side and is drier on the leeward side
Convectional precipitation
Very common during summer months, the ground heats up usually by late afternoon the weight of the water droplets causes them to fall, the droplets cool the air as they drop lowering the temperature and this creates wind but the storm ends because there will be no more condensation and evapouration
Cyclonic precipitation (storm)
whan a warm and a cold air mass collide
4 components of soil
1 mineral; nutrients needed by plants to grow
- bacteria and organic matter; they decompose things such as dead animals/plants forms humus
- air; plants need air around their roots,
- moisture; plants need water
great lakes/ st. lawrence lowlands
low laying area located aound the great lakes, half is in ontario half is in quebec, manufacturing heart of canada
interior plains landform
a region with great wide open spaces, without trees or mountains, farming,
western codillera landform
British Columbia, yukon, and small parts of alberta, fairly young geological region. rocky mountains, forests cover this area,
innuitions landform
in Canadas far north, younger than the appalachians older than the Rockies covered by large glaciers
Artic landform
surface is very stoney, very little vegatation, part of the new territory of nunavut.
What is dependency load?
people not in the workforce ie. 14 and under 65+
What is multiculturalism?
A government policy when people are encouraged to keep their cultural heritage
What is population density?
the number of people who live in each square kilometer of land
Long lots of southern Quebec
settled long before railways or high quality roads, agricultural resources connected to water, along the st. lawrence river, known as long lots
consession system of southern ontario
roads and later railways were avaliable, roads were typically 2km apart 40 to 80 hectares in size, groupings of consession blocks were called townships, groupings of townships were called counties
section system of the southern praries
before major settlement occured, land was divided into blocks that were 9.6 by 9.6km each of the blocks was divided into 36 sectionsthen divided into 4 lots called quarter sections, which were about 64 hectares in size. they farms were too small so the neighbouring farmers started buying off eachothers land. which was called farm consolidation
urban hiarchy ladder
hamlet-> neighbourhood-> village-> town-> suburb-> city-> metropolis
What are the three types of forestry removal?
Clear cutting, shelterwood lodging, selective cutting
What is Canadian identity?
Canadian identity is what makes canadians unique compared to other countries for example us being a mixed salad compared to a melting pot.
What are the 3 levels of nation development?
- Developed Countries: well developed services like education, healthcare, banking, transportation etc. primary industries are least important and done efficiently, highest standard of living found here
- Developing countries: dominates by the primary industry, people are mainly farmers. poorly developed service sector, citizens dont pay taxes so the government cant provide things like education or healthcare
- Newly industrializing countries: going through the phase of becoming developed
What is the united nations?
it was formed after WWI its an organization that was trying to prevent another world war, but they failed and WWII broke out.
What is the United Nations working toward (5 things)
- Keeping world peace
- Developing friendly relations among nations
- working to eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy
- encouraging respect for human rights and freedom
- stopping environmental distruction
What is trade?
the trade of goods and/or services for money
What is international trade?
trade between countries ie. wheat to china from canada
what is an ecological footprint?
it is a measure of human impact, it represents the land area needed to provide resources and absorb waste and greenhouse gases provided by an individual
Sustainability
is the ability to develop in order to meet the needs for the present, without negatively affecting the future generations ability to meet their needs.
GDP
gross domestic product (GDP) represents the total value of goods and services produced within a country per person excluding transactions with other countries
6 types of urban land usage
residential ie housing 40% or more, transportation ie. roads, vehicles 33%, commercial ie. businesses 5%, industrial ie. factories 6%, instututional ie. school hospital 10%, open space ie. cemetary park 7%
What is the baby boom?
When birth rates rose sharply after WWII. Babies born between 1946 and 1961 are considered baby boomers
Low order vs. High order goods
Low order goods= require only a small population to remain in business eg. A grocery store or post office
High order goods= require a large population because the goods are expensive or are purchased infrequently eg. Lamborghini car dealership
What are Canada’s forest regions?
Boreal, montane, west coast, prairies, taiga, arctic, mixed
