Geography

Question 1

demography

Answer 1

the study of population numbers, distribution, trends, and issues

Question 2

birth/death rate

Answer 2

number of births/deaths per 1000 people in a country in a given year

Question 3

natural increase

Answer 3

birth rate minus death rate - the rate at which a population increases as a percentage of the total population

Question 4

rule of 70

Answer 4

the amount of time for a country to double its population - 70 divided by growth/natural increase rate

Question 5

net migration

Answer 5

immigration rate minus emigration rate

Question 6

population growth rate

Answer 6

rate of natural increase plus net migration - rate at which a country’s population changes per year

Question 7

Demographic Revolution

Answer 7

• prior to 1700s, life expectancy was approx 30 years
• rapid population growth after 1750 due to falling death rates
• agricultural revolution increased food production, better diets, clean drinking water, more varied/nutritious diet, vaccination against diseases (polio)
• birth rates remained high for some years, resulting in rapid population growth

Question 8

World Health Organization

Answer 8

• after WWII, improved transportation/communications, improved health measures in developing countries
• death rates fell in developing countries, but birth rates have remained high

Question 9

demographic transition model

Answer 9

shows birth rates, death rates, trends in overall population numbers

Question 10

stages of demographic transition model

Answer 10

Pre-transition - high birth/death rates, small population
Early Transition - improved sanition, rapid fall in death rates, birth rate still high, rapid population increase
Late Transition - birth rates begin to fall, population growth declines, industrialization/urbanization leads to less desire for large families
Post-transition - stable/slow population increase, low birth/death rates
Declining population - birth rates drop below death rates, many older people

Question 11

total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 11

average number of children born over lifetime of typical woman in a certain country

Question 12

population pyramid models

Answer 12

Early expanding, expanding, stable, contracting

Question 13

dependency load

Answer 13

percentage of population younger than 15 or older than 65

Question 14

cornucopian

Answer 14

optimistic views on population growth due to advances in science/technology

Question 15

demographic regulation

Answer 15

theory that population growth will level off as living standards improve

Question 16

ecumene

Answer 16

populated area of the world, permanently inhabited places

Question 17

population density

Answer 17

number of people living in given area divided by area in square km

Question 18

nutritional density

Answer 18

how much nutrition in calories can be produced from a certain area