Geography Flashcards
What is Convection currents?
Where hot rock rises which creates currents which pull the tectonic plates down into the mantle, pulling them apart.
Describe a divergent plate boundary
When one oceanic and one continental plate move away from each other and magma rises in the gap between them which can create volcanoes. Earthquakes can also occur if plates don’t move smoothly.
Describe a Convergent plate boundary (oceanic and continental)
When an Oceanic and continental plate moves towards each other, the oceanic sinks into the mantle because it is denser. The rubbing of the plates can cause earthquakes and magma can rise through gaps in the continental to form volcanoes.
Describe a Convergent plate boundary (continental and continental)
When two continental plate boundaries collide (move towards each other) This can form fold mountains but the pressure can also cause earthquakes.
Describe a Conservative plate boundary
When two plates slide against each other and creates friction which can cause Dangerous earthquakes. The epicenter is where the earthquake starts from.
Describe some evidence for tectonic movement
Fossil evidence:
Patterns of rocks and fossils are found throughout the map which links countries together, proving that they were once one land.
Glaciers:
Ancient glaciers which have gone through the land in the past leaving marks on the ground. There are patterns of these marks that links countries together
Puzzle piece:
Evidence that the countries in the world map look like they would fit together ‘like a puzzle piece’ shows that they could have been one land in the past.
What is an Earthquake?
A sudden violent shaking of the ground due to the movement of the earth’s plates and due to friction and pressure.
How do we measure earthquakes?
The Richter scale:
A scale that measures the magnitude (the strength and size) of an earthquake from a scale of 1-10
What is a primary impact?
An immediate danger and impact from volcanoes/earthquakes that happen straight after.
What is a secondary impact?
A later danger that happens as a result of an immediate danger.
State the facts of the Haiti earthquake 2010
-it was between the North American and Caribbean plate
-The epicenter was near the Port-au-Prince
-It was a 7.0 magnitude scale
The after-shock was a 5.5 magnitude scale
What are the primary and secondary impacts of the Haiti Earthquake?
Primary:
-22000 deaths
-300000 injured
-Hospital collapsed
30000 buildings collapsed
Airports damaged
Secondary:
-Cholera outbreak (disease)
-Water sources were contaminated
-Businesses were destroyed
-1.3 million were made homeless
What are the properties of a shield volcano?
-Thin runny lava
-Curved gentle dome
-Pyroclastic flows
-appears at divergent plate boundaries
-Balastic lava
What are the properties of a composite volcano?
-Thick lava
-steep slope
-Explosive reactions
-appears at convergent plate boundaries
-Andesitic Lava (thick and sticky)
State some facts about the Iceland eruption 2011
-North American and Eurasian plates moving apart
-Erupted at the southeast of Iceland
-located on the mid-Atlantic ridge
What are the vulnerabilities to natural disasters?
-Time of day
-Location
-Population
-Poverty
-poor building structures
What are the causes of absolute poverty?
-Conflicts and war
-Climate change and natural disasters
-poor healthcare
-low economy growth
What are the causes of Relative poverty?
-Unemployment
-lack of education
-discrimination
-lack of access to services
-low-paid jobs
Draw a Convection current diagram.
The answer is in the revision book.
Draw a divergent plate boundary.
The answer is in the revision book.
Draw a Convergent plate boundary.
(oceanic and continental)
The answer is in the revision book.
Draw a Convergent Plate boundary.
(continental and continental)
The answer is in the revision book.
Draw a conservative Plate boundary.
The answer is in the revision book.
Draw a shield volcano.
The answer is in the revision book.
