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Rev Mid Years Yr 9 > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main layers of the Earth?

A

The crust, the mantle, and the core.

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2
Q

True or False: The Earth’s crust is the thickest layer.

A

False

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3
Q

What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?

A

The crust.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The mantle is located between the ______ and the core.

A

crust

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5
Q

What is the approximate thickness of the Earth’s crust?

A

5 to 70 kilometers.

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6
Q

What are the two types of crust?

A

Continental crust and oceanic crust.

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7
Q

Which layer of the Earth is primarily composed of silicate rocks?

A

The crust.

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8
Q

True or False: The mantle is solid throughout.

A

False

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9
Q

What is the composition of the Earth’s outer core?

A

Liquid iron and nickel.

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10
Q

What is the main characteristic of the Earth’s inner core?

A

It is solid and extremely hot.

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11
Q

What is the estimated temperature of the Earth’s inner core?

A

About 5,000 to 7,000 degrees Celsius.

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12
Q

True or False: The mantle is less dense than the crust.

A

False

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13
Q

What is the average depth of the mantle?

A

Approximately 2,900 kilometers.

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14
Q

Which layer of the Earth is responsible for tectonic activity?

A

The mantle.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The outer core is responsible for the ______ field.

A

magnetic

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16
Q

What is the primary material of the continental crust?

A

Granite.

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17
Q

What is the primary material of the oceanic crust?

A

Basalt.

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18
Q

True or False: The lithosphere includes the crust and the upper mantle.

A

True

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19
Q

What is the asthenosphere?

A

The semi-fluid layer of the upper mantle beneath the lithosphere.

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20
Q

What causes the movement of tectonic plates?

A

Convection currents in the mantle.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The core is primarily made up of ______ and nickel.

A

iron

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22
Q

What is the main difference between the outer core and the inner core?

A

The outer core is liquid, while the inner core is solid.

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23
Q

What is the range of temperatures in the mantle?

A

Approximately 500 to 4,000 degrees Celsius.

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24
Q

True or False: The crust is thicker under the oceans than under continents.

A

False

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25
Q

What layer of the Earth is the thickest?

A

The mantle.

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26
Q

What is the state of matter of the asthenosphere?

A

Semi-solid or plastic.

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27
Q

What geological feature is formed by the movement of tectonic plates?

A

Earthquakes, mountains, and ocean trenches.

28
Q

Fill in the blank: The temperature increases by about ______ degrees Celsius for every 100 meters of depth in the crust.

A

25 to 30

29
Q

What is the primary reason for the Earth’s magnetic field?

A

The movement of molten iron in the outer core.

30
Q

True or False: The inner core is as hot as the surface of the sun.

A

True

31
Q

What is the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho)?

A

The boundary between the Earth’s crust and the underlying mantle.

32
Q

What type of rock is primarily found in the oceanic crust?

A

Basalt.

33
Q

What is the average density of the Earth’s crust?

A

About 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The lithosphere is broken into large pieces called ______.

A

tectonic plates

35
Q

What is the primary characteristic of the continental crust?

A

It is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust.

36
Q

True or False: The Earth’s layers are uniform in composition.

A

False

37
Q

What is the primary component of the Earth’s core?

A

Iron.

38
Q

What is the temperature range of the outer core?

A

About 4,000 to 5,000 degrees Celsius.

39
Q

Fill in the blank: The upper mantle is also known as the ______ mantle.

A

asthenospheric

40
Q

What geological phenomenon occurs at divergent boundaries?

A

Mid-ocean ridges and seafloor spreading.

41
Q

What is the primary cause of volcanic eruptions?

A

Magma rising from the mantle.

42
Q

Fill in the blank: The lower mantle is also referred to as the ______ mantle.

A

mesosphere

43
Q

What is the lithosphere composed of?

A

The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.

44
Q

True or False: The asthenosphere is rigid and unyielding.

A

False

45
Q

What is the primary process that drives plate tectonics?

A

Heat from the Earth’s interior.

46
Q

What are the two main types of tectonic plate boundaries?

A

Divergent and convergent boundaries.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The Earth’s layers can be classified by their ______ and ______.

A

composition; physical state

48
Q

What is the relationship between the crust and the mantle?

A

The crust is the outer layer, while the mantle is beneath it.

49
Q

What is the significance of the transition zone?

A

It is the area between the upper and lower mantle where composition and properties change.

50
Q

What is the role of the Earth’s core in generating the magnetic field?

A

The movement of liquid iron in the outer core creates electric currents, generating the magnetic field.

51
Q

True or False: The temperature in the mantle decreases with depth.

A

False

52
Q

What is the average depth of the oceanic crust?

A

About 5 to 10 kilometers.

53
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the layer where tectonic plates float.

A

lithosphere

54
Q

What is one way to differentiate between oceanic and continental crust?

A

Oceanic crust is denser and thinner than continental crust.

55
Q

What layer of the Earth is involved in the rock cycle?

A

The crust.

56
Q

Fill in the blank: The Earth’s ______ provides insulation to the inner layers.

A

crust

57
Q

What type of boundary is characterized by plates sliding past each other?

A

Transform boundary.

58
Q

What is the primary function of the mantle in the Earth’s structure?

A

It facilitates the movement of tectonic plates.

59
Q

What is the difference between the upper and lower mantle?

A

The upper mantle is partially molten, while the lower mantle is more solid.

60
Q

Fill in the blank: The study of Earth’s layers is known as ______.

A

geology

61
Q

What is the significance of the Earth’s core in terms of heat?

A

It is the primary source of heat for the Earth’s interior.

62
Q

True or False: The mantle is composed of primarily metals.

A

False

63
Q

What does the term ‘geosphere’ refer to?

A

The solid part of the Earth, including the crust and mantle.

64
Q

Fill in the blank: The Earth’s magnetic field is essential for ______ protection.

A

radiation

65
Q

What are the two main components of the Earth’s core?

A

Iron and nickel.

66
Q

What is the primary reason for the variation in crust thickness?

A

The presence of mountains and ocean basins.

67
Q

Fill in the blank: The Earth’s layers can be studied using ______ waves.

A

seismic

Rev Mid Years Yr 9 (6 decks)

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