Geography Flashcards
What is a divergent plate boundary?
A divergent plate boundary is when two tectonic plates moves away from each other, often causing new crust to form between them.
What is a convergent plate boundary?
A convergent plate boundary is where two tectonic plates move toward each other, causing subduction, mountain formation, earthquakes, and volcanic activity.
What is a conservative plate boundary?
A conservative plate boundary is where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally, causing earthquakes but not creating or destroying crust.
What is the order of the layers of earth starting from the core?
1) Inner core
2) Outer core
3) Mantle
4) Crust
Which of these is NOT evidence for plate tectonic theory.
A. Jigsaw fit
B. Fossil Evidence
C. Volcanoes
D. Convection currents
C. Volcanoes
What layer of the earth matches to this fact:
-Powerful convection currents circulate in this layer.
Mantle
What layer of the earth matches to this fact:
This layer is made up of iron and nickel and is liquid.
Outer Core
What layer of the earth matches to this fact:
This is the equivalent thickness of the skin on an apple and is broken into plates.
Crust
What layer of the earth matches to this fact:
The hottest layer in the earth’s structure - temperatures here are above 5500*C
Inner Core
Explain how one piece of evidence supports the theory of Plate Tectonics. (2)
A piece of evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics is fossil distribution, where identical fossils of ancient plants and animals, like Mesosaurus, are found on continents that are now widely separated. This suggests the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent (Pangaea) and have since drifted apart because the Mesosaurus couldn’t swim and was discovered in South America and Africa and when joined together like the ‘Jigsaw theory’ it is a perfect match.
Explain how tsunamis form. (3)
Tsunamis are formed when there is an underwater earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide that pushes a large amount of water. This creates huge waves that travel across the ocean. As they reach shallow waters near the shore, the waves grow taller and can cause flooding and damage.
Explain how volcanoes form at divergent (constructive) plate boundaries. (4)
Volcanoes form at divergent (constructive) plate boundaries when two tectonic plates move apart. As the plates separate, magma from the Earth’s mantle rises to fill the gap. This magma reaches the surface and erupts, forming a volcano. Over time, repeated eruptions build up layers of lava, creating a volcanic structure. This process typically happens underwater, creating mid-ocean ridges or underwater volcanoes.
Who are the emerging superpowers
Emerging superpower
MINT nations(Mexico,Indonesia,Nigeria,Turkey)
These countries are gaining influence on the global stage
What defines a superpower nation
A super power nation is defined by
Economic strength
Military power
Pokitical power
Cultural influence
Size
Population
Superpowers have global influence and calabilities
Give 2 social impacts of the Chernobyl disaster.
- Radiation led to many people becoming sick and dying.
- Many people lost their homes in nearby towns.
Who are the superpower nations?
United Kingdom
Russia
China
United States of America
Brazil
Explain why military or economic wealth is important when deciding a super power nations (4)
Military and economic wealth are important for a superpower because they provide global influence and control. A strong military ensures security and global dominance, while economic wealth funds the military, shapes global trade, and supports alliances. Together, they allow a nation to lead in international politics and decision-making.
Why were the impacts of haiti earthquake so bad
The impact of the haiti earthquakes were so bad because of the weak infastructure of haiti.For example buildings in Haiti were not up to SEISMIC building code, causing buildong to easily fall over.Another reason impacts were bad was because of the geogolical placement of Haiti,port prince.The earquake epicentre was just 16miles from haiti and was only 6 miles deep,making port au prince the main area of affection
Explain the social impacts from the Haiti earthquake study
The social impact was that over 200,000 people died due to the earthquake because of the overcrowding in port au prince and the weak infrastructure in port au prince,which made the building more succeptible to collapsing.Another Social impact would be that hospitals were hugely affected,over 20 hospitals being damaged or that collapsed.Because of this,disease was widely,spread because of lack of treatment,also because of the over crowding it spread more
Explain economic impact of haiti earthquake
A economic impact of haiti earthquake was that many buisinesses fell,which wouldve affected haitis gdp.also the earthquake led to a mass decline of tourism which wouldve further affected the gdp oncome of haiti
Wnat was effect if indian ocean tsunami
20-30 metre waves came crashing down onto neighbouring countries such as indonesi,which sffected its infrastructure and economy
What was the cause of indian ocean tsunami
A 9.0 magnitude earthquake that happened under water. At the indo-austrailian plate and eurasian plate(convergent plate boundry)
What was the cause of indian ocean tsunami
A 9.0 magnitude earthquake that happened under water. At the indo-austrailian plate and eurasian plate(convergent plate boundry)
How does richter scale measure the magnitude
The Richter scale calculates an earthquake’s magnitude (size) from the amplitude
How does mercalli scale measure earthquake magnitude?
Mercalli scale measures the ‘Intensity’ of an earthquake based on based on the amount of destruction caused.
